1What is kidnapping and serious illegal detention under Article 267?
A private individual unlawfully deprives another of liberty under a qualifying circumstance specified by Article 267.
2What detention period qualifies illegal detention as serious under Article 267?
Detention lasting more than three days is one qualifying circumstance.
3Does detention of a minor qualify under Article 267 regardless of duration?
Yes, subject to the statutory exception involving a parent of the minor.
4What is slight illegal detention under Article 268?
Unlawful deprivation of liberty by a private individual without Article 267's qualifying circumstances.
5What is the significance of voluntary release under Article 268?
Release within three days, before the detention's purpose is attained and before proceedings begin, may reduce the penalty.
6What is unlawful arrest under Article 269?
Arresting or detaining another without legal grounds for the purpose of delivering that person to authorities.
7What is kidnapping and failure to return a minor under Article 270?
A person entrusted with a minor's custody deliberately fails to restore the minor to the parents or guardians.
8What is inducement of a minor to abandon home under Article 271?
Inducing a minor to abandon the home of the parents, guardians, or custodians.
9What is slavery under Article 272?
Purchasing, selling, kidnapping, or detaining a human being for the purpose of enslaving that person.
10What is exploitation of child labor under Article 273?
Retaining a minor in service against the minor's will under the pretext of reimbursing a debt.
11What is services rendered under compulsion in payment of debt under Article 274?
Compelling a debtor to work against the debtor's will to pay a debt under the article's conditions.
12What is abandonment of persons in danger under Article 275?
Failing to render assistance in the situations expressly covered by Article 275.
13What is abandonment of one's own victim under Article 275?
Failing to assist a person accidentally wounded or injured by the offender under the article's conditions.
14What is abandonment of a minor under Article 276?
A person entrusted with a child under seven abandons the child under the article's conditions.
15What is abandonment of a minor by a person entrusted with custody under Article 277?
Delivering a minor to an institution or another person without required consent, or neglecting education under the article.
16What is exploitation of minors under Article 278?
Engaging in prohibited activities involving minors, including specified dangerous performances or occupations.
17What is qualified trespass to dwelling under Article 280?
A private individual enters another's dwelling against the occupant's will, subject to statutory exceptions.
18What is other forms of trespass under Article 281?
Entering another's closed or fenced uninhabited property without permission under the article's conditions.
19What is grave threats under Article 282?
Threatening another with a wrong constituting a crime against the person, honor, or property, under specified conditions.
20What is light threats under Article 283?
Threatening a wrong not constituting a crime while demanding money or imposing another condition.
21What is other light threats under Article 285?
Threatening conduct expressly punished by Article 285, including certain weapon-related threats.
22What is grave coercion under Article 286?
Without lawful authority, using violence, threats, or intimidation to prevent lawful conduct or compel conduct against another's will.
23What is light coercion under Article 287?
Forcibly seizing a debtor's property to apply it to a debt, under the article's conditions.
24What is unjust vexation under Article 287?
Unjustifiably annoying or vexing another person without necessarily causing physical or material harm.
25What is robbery under Article 293?
Taking another's personal property with intent to gain through violence, intimidation, or force upon things.
26What are the two general categories of robbery?
Robbery with violence or intimidation against persons, and robbery by force upon things.
27What is the essential distinction between robbery and theft?
Robbery involves qualifying violence, intimidation, or force upon things; theft ordinarily does not.
28What is robbery with homicide under Article 294?
Robbery by violence or intimidation in which homicide is committed by reason or on the occasion of the robbery.
29Does robbery with homicide require that the homicide precede the taking?
No. The legally required connection to the robbery is controlling.
30What is robbery by force upon things?
Taking property through one of the statutory modes of force upon things under Articles 299 or 302.
31What is the importance of unlawful entry in robbery by force upon things?
It may constitute a qualifying statutory mode of entry under Article 299.
32What is theft under Article 308?
Taking another's personal property with intent to gain, without consent and without qualifying violence, intimidation, or force upon things.
33What is animus lucrandi?
Intent to gain, an essential element of theft and robbery.
34Does intent to gain always require actual financial profit?
No. Intent to gain may exist without realized profit.
35What is qualified theft under Article 310?
Theft committed under a qualifying circumstance specified by Article 310.
36What is grave abuse of confidence in qualified theft?
A serious betrayal of trust that directly facilitates the taking.
37What is occupation of real property or usurpation of real rights under Article 312?
Taking possession of real property or usurping real rights through violence or intimidation under the article.
38What is altering boundaries or landmarks under Article 313?
Changing boundary marks or monuments of towns, provinces, or estates under the article.
39What is estafa under Article 315?
Swindling or defrauding another through a mode of deceit or abuse of confidence specified by Article 315.
40What is estafa by misappropriation under Article 315(1)(b)?
Fraudulently converting or misappropriating property received under an obligation to deliver or return it.
41What is estafa by false pretenses under Article 315(2)(a)?
Defrauding another through qualifying false pretenses made before or simultaneously with the fraud.
42What distinguishes theft from estafa by misappropriation?
Theft involves unlawful taking; estafa involves fraudulent conversion of property received under qualifying possession.
43What is other forms of swindling under Article 316?
Fraudulent acts involving property or rights specifically enumerated in Article 316.
44What is fraudulent insolvency under Article 314?
A debtor absconds with property to prejudice creditors under the article's conditions.
45What is malicious mischief under Article 327?
Deliberately causing damage to another's property without the damage constituting arson or another specified crime.
46What is special cases of malicious mischief under Article 328?
Damage involving specified property or methods that Article 328 punishes more severely.
47What is other mischiefs under Article 329?
Malicious property damage not covered by the preceding special provisions, classified by the damage's value.
48What is the general significance of damage value in malicious mischief?
It helps determine the applicable classification and penalty under the statute.
49What is the distinction between malicious mischief and theft?
Malicious mischief involves intentional property damage; theft involves unlawful taking with intent to gain.
50Can a person commit robbery without successfully retaining the property?
Yes. Retention is unnecessary once all elements of consummated robbery are established.