1What constitutes treason under Article 114?
A person owing allegiance to the Philippines levies war against it or adheres to its enemies, giving them aid or comfort.
2What special proof is required to convict for treason?
Two witnesses to the same overt act, or confession in open court.
3Can a resident alien owe temporary allegiance to the Philippines?
Yes. An alien residing in the Philippines may owe temporary allegiance while residing there.
4What is misprision of treason under Article 116?
A person owing allegiance, without being a foreigner, conceals known treason conspiracy and fails to report it promptly to proper authorities.
5What is espionage under Article 117?
Unlawfully obtaining defense-related confidential information or entering prohibited defense premises for specified espionage purposes.
6What is inciting to war or giving motives for reprisals?
Unlawful acts provoking war or exposing Filipino citizens to reprisals against their persons or property.
7What is violation of neutrality under Article 119?
Violating government neutrality regulations during a war in which the Philippines is not involved.
8What is piracy under Article 122 of the Revised Penal Code?
Attacking or seizing a vessel, or taking its cargo or belongings, under the circumstances specified by Article 122.
9What is qualified piracy under Article 123?
Piracy attended by specified circumstances such as seizure by boarding or firing, abandonment of victims, or accompanying serious violence.
10What law specifically addresses piracy and highway robbery or brigandage?
Presidential Decree No. 532.
11What is arbitrary detention under Article 124?
A public officer or employee detains a person without legal grounds.
12What is delay in delivery of detained persons to judicial authorities?
Failure to deliver a lawfully detained person within the applicable Article 125 period.
13What are the Article 125 delivery periods for light, correctional, and afflictive offenses?
12 hours, 18 hours, and 36 hours, respectively.
14What is delaying release under Article 126?
Unlawfully delaying a prisoner's release or the service or execution of an order for release.
15What is expulsion under Article 127?
A public officer unlawfully expels a person from the Philippines or compels a change of residence.
16What is violation of domicile under Article 128?
A public officer unlawfully enters a dwelling, searches without consent, or refuses to leave after a qualifying demand.
17What is maliciously obtaining a search warrant under Article 129?
Procuring a search warrant without just cause or abusing its implementation under the article.
18What is searching a domicile without witnesses under Article 130?
A public officer conducts a lawful domiciliary search without the required presence of the occupant or statutory substitute witnesses.
19What is prohibition, interruption, or dissolution of peaceful meetings?
A public officer unlawfully prevents, interrupts, or dissolves peaceful meetings under Article 131.
20What is interruption of religious worship under Article 132?
A public officer prevents or disturbs religious ceremonies or manifestations under the article.
21What is offending religious feelings under Article 133?
Performing acts notoriously offensive to believers' feelings in a place of worship or during a religious ceremony.
22What is rebellion under Article 134?
Public uprising and taking arms against the government for a purpose specified by law.
23What is the difference between rebellion and coup d'état?
Rebellion involves public uprising and arms; coup d'état involves a swift attack by specified actors to seize or diminish state power.
24What is coup d'état under Article 134-A?
A swift attack, with violence, intimidation, threat, strategy, or stealth, by specified state-connected persons to seize or diminish state power.
25What is sedition under Article 139?
A public and tumultuous uprising to attain an unlawful objective specified by Article 139.
26What distinguishes rebellion from sedition?
Rebellion targets specified political control or territorial objectives; sedition targets the objectives enumerated in Article 139.
27What is inciting to rebellion under Article 138?
Without taking arms or being in open hostility, inciting others to execute rebellion through specified communications or representations.
28What is inciting to sedition under Article 142?
Without directly participating, inciting others to commit sedition through the means specified by law.
29What is direct assault under Article 148?
Attacking or seriously intimidating or resisting a person in authority or agent under the circumstances defined by law.
30What is indirect assault under Article 149?
Using force or intimidation against a person aiding authorities during direct assault.
31What is resistance and disobedience under Article 151?
Resisting or seriously disobeying lawful authority or agents under the article's conditions.
32Who is a person in authority under Article 152?
A person directly vested with jurisdiction, including those expressly deemed persons in authority by law.
33Who is an agent of a person in authority?
A person charged with maintaining public order or protecting life and property, including those specified by law.
34When is a teacher deemed a person in authority under Article 152?
For purposes of Articles 148 and 151, while performing professional duties or on the occasion of such performance.
35What is alarm and scandal under Article 155?
Specified acts disturbing public peace, including certain public disturbances and unlawful discharge of firearms.
36What is delivering prisoners from jail under Article 156?
Removing a confined person from jail or helping the person escape through the means covered by law.
37What is evasion of service of sentence under Article 157?
An eligible convict escapes confinement or custody while serving a final sentence.
38What is quasi-recidivism under Article 160?
Committing a new felony after final conviction, before serving the sentence or while serving it.
39What is falsification by a public officer under Article 171?
A public officer, employee, or notary falsifies a document by a means enumerated in Article 171.
40What is falsification by a private individual under Article 172?
Committing specified falsification involving public, official, commercial, or qualifying private documents.
41What is use of falsified documents under Article 172?
Knowingly using a falsified document under the conditions specified by Article 172.
42What is perjury under Article 183?
Knowingly making an untruthful sworn statement on a material matter before a competent officer where law requires an oath.
43What is the general distinction between falsification and perjury?
Falsification concerns prohibited document alteration or misrepresentation; perjury concerns material false sworn statements.
44What is direct bribery under Article 210?
A public officer accepts an offer, promise, gift, or present in exchange for an official act or omission covered by the article.
45What is indirect bribery under Article 211?
A public officer accepts gifts offered by reason of the officer's position.
46What is qualified bribery under Article 211-A?
A law enforcement officer refrains from arresting or prosecuting an offender for a qualifying serious crime in consideration of a benefit.
47What is corruption of public officials under Article 212?
Offering or giving gifts, presents, or promises to a public officer under circumstances specified by bribery provisions.
48What is malversation of public funds under Article 217?
An accountable public officer misappropriates, takes, or permits the taking of public funds or property under official custody.
49What is technical malversation under Article 220?
Applying public funds or property to a different public use from that specifically appropriated by law or ordinance.
50What is infidelity in custody of documents under Article 226?
A public officer entrusted with documents removes, conceals, or destroys them under the article's conditions.