Mid-Term

- Hunter-Gatherers
- Stone age, stone tools
- Fire
- Cycles of migration (recognition of crop growth from discarded foods lead to settlement)
- Culture: "A way of doing things, built by people."
- Clothing
- (ORAL) Language
- Music
- Cave paintings
- Communication
- Education, hunting
- Possibly religious
- Venus of Willendorf
- Small populations, <100
- No societal organization or norms

- Settlements (Inca/Mayan/Aztec)
- Agriculture
1) Farming
2) Animal domestication
- Large-scale farming (req water)
- HUGE populations, thousands
- Strong leadership, most often central leadership (some exceptions)
- Advanced tools: still stone (to start)
- Sharpened tools, better construction
- Being sedentary meant that tools could be heavier and more complex
- Didn't have to carry them around, lead to hoe, etc.
- POTTERY (So, so, so incredibly important throughout history)
- Allowed for WRITTEN language
- Weaving
- Drawbacks
- Women became lesser/domestication
- Were more concerned with home-keeping and working fields
- Health DECLINED
- Close contact with other humans and animals lead to easier disease spread
- More resources = jealousy = WAR
- More food = more people = more power

- Originated in Paleolithic era
- Used for:
- Communication
- Education, how to fight certain animals
- Possibly religious

- Paleolithic man
- Found on Austrian border in Alps
- Clothes
- Cape, boots, pants
- Medicine pouch
- Bronze weapons, bow & arrow, knives
- Tattoos

- City built entirely underground/on top of old building
- 8,000 population
- Built over the course of 1,000 years
- Landscape: Barren w/ streams
- Burials: Under floors of homes
- Great love of dead, parts were taken to be preserved and buried with others
- Use of houses: Ritualistic & organized
- Southern part was used for domestic tasks
- Northern part was used for ritualistic tasks (symbolism, burials)
- Social organization: No real neighbor hoods or central structure
- Society followed leadership of elders, women and men equal
- Houses followed same general structure, built upon 6-7 times
- House was used for about 50-100 yrs before being built on
- Even decorations were repeated
- Houses with more burials were more symbolically elaborate
- Women & Figurines: ^^^ Equals, power with age rather than sex
- Many 'Venus' statues
- Often older women

- Originally thought to be a (strictly) religious sight
- Uncovering + LiDAR proved that there was more beneath
- Pre-pottery Neolithic
- PPNA 10,000-9,500 BCE
- PPBA 9,500-8,200 BCE
- No pottery, but stoneware
TL:DR
- Archaeology only about ~200 yrs old
- Archaeologists often go after sensational stories
- History CHANGES as FACTS change
- Details are hidden in rubble

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