Enzymes
Diese Karteikarten lernenKostenlos · Spaced Repetition · iPhone, Android, Mac & Web
Alle Karten
1
Metabolism
The sum of all chemical reactions in a cell, including energy-requiring anabolic and energy-releasing catabolic processes.
2
Anabolic Pathway
Builds complex molecules from simpler ones; requires energy (endergonic).
3
Catabolic Pathway
Breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones; releases energy (exergonic).
4
Kinetic Energy
Energy of motion associated with movement of molecules or objects.
5
Potential Energy
Stored energy due to position or structure.
6
Chemical Energy
Potential energy stored in chemical bonds that can be released in reactions.
7
Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG)
Energy available to do work; negative ΔG = spontaneous (exergonic), positive ΔG = non-spontaneous (endergonic).
8
Activation Energy
Energy needed to reach the transition state so bonds can break/form.
9
Transition State
Unstable, high-energy configuration of reactants during a reaction.
10
Enzyme
Protein catalyst that speeds reactions by lowering activation energy.
11
Substrate
Specific reactant an enzyme acts upon.
12
Active Site
Region on an enzyme where substrate binds and reaction occurs.
13
Induced Fit Model
Active site changes shape slightly to fit substrate and catalyze efficiently.
14
Allosteric Regulation
Enzyme control by molecule binding at a site other than the active site.
15
Allosteric Activator
Binds and increases enzyme activity by improving substrate binding.
16
Allosteric Inhibitor
Binds and decreases enzyme activity by altering shape.
17
Cofactor
Inorganic ion (Fe²⁺, Mg²⁺, Zn²⁺) required for enzyme function.
18
Coenzyme
Organic helper molecule (ATP, NAD⁺, vitamins) aiding catalysis.
19
Competitive Inhibitor
Competes with substrate for the active site.
20
Noncompetitive Inhibitor
Binds elsewhere, changing enzyme shape and reducing activity.
21
Feedback Inhibition
End product inhibits an early enzyme to prevent overproduction.
22
Denaturation
Loss of enzyme structure and function due to pH or temperature change.
23
Catalyst
Substance that speeds a reaction without being consumed.
24
Oxidoreductase
Transfers electrons or hydrogen atoms between molecules.
25
Transferase
Transfers functional groups between molecules.
26
Hydrolase
Splits molecules using water.
27
Lyase
Breaks bonds without using water.
28
Isomerase
Rearranges atoms within a molecule.
29
Ligase
Joins two molecules with new bonds (requires ATP).
30
Thermodynamics
Study of energy transformations in biological systems.
Mehr Karteikarten: Naturwissenschaften
Chemistry Elements to KnowNaturwissenschaften · EnglischjishaUnit 3.3 Chemistry of the P-blockNaturwissenschaften · EnglischIanto06chp 7: cellular respiration and fermentationNaturwissenschaften · EnglischlizzieowizzieUnit 1 - Functional GroupsNaturwissenschaften · EnglischNoodlesForBrains4.15 Haloalkanes ✓Naturwissenschaften · EnglischIzzyStatic ElectricityNaturwissenschaften · EnglischAnoushkScientific MeasurementNaturwissenschaften · EnglischHannahgázok lab. eá.Naturwissenschaften · UngarischZsófiCHEM 1211K Exam 3Naturwissenschaften · EnglischNoodlesForBrainsBiology Paper 1Naturwissenschaften · EnglischAmélieHematology Chapter 4: Cell StructureNaturwissenschaften · EnglischDanielaIons courantsNaturwissenschaften · LateinPaul
Alle Decks: Naturwissenschaften
Lerne diese Decks in der App
Kostenlos auf iPhone, Android, Mac und im Web. Füge jedes Deck mit einem Tipp zu deinem Konto hinzu.
