Abdomen

Question 1

4 major branches off the abdominal aorta

Accepted Answer

celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, renal arteries, inferior mesenteric artery

Question 2

celiac trunk serves

Accepted Answer

stomach, pancreas, and spleen

Question 3

supeior mesenteric artery serves

Accepted Answer

small intestine, part of large intestine

Question 4

inferior mesenteric artery serves

Accepted Answer

large intestine, rectum

Question 5

at the L4 vertebra, the abdominal aorta splits into two

Accepted Answer

common iliac arteries

Question 6

smaller veins drain into the

Accepted Answer

inferior vena cava transcends the abdomen, thorax and connects directly to the right atrium

Question 7

capillaries of the small and large intestines drain into veins that merge together to form the

Accepted Answer

hepatic portal vein

Question 8

absorbed nutrients pass through the _____ for filtration

Accepted Answer

liver things we ingest usually go through blood supply, need to filter before main blood stream

Question 9

the liver is drained by the

Accepted Answer

inferior vena cava

Question 10

most anterior abdominal muscles are innervated by

Accepted Answer

intercostal nerves T7-12

Question 11

the lower abdominal muscles are often innervated by

Accepted Answer

iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

Question 12

most posterior abdominal muscles are innervated by

Accepted Answer

branches of anterior rami of L nerves or lumbosacral plexus nerves

Question 13

midline of tranverse abdominal is called

Accepted Answer

abdominal aponeurosis

Question 14

transverse abdominal muscles are

Accepted Answer

core stabilizers used when goal is to make the abdomen/thorax immobile

Question 15

thoracolumbar fascia is the origin for both

Accepted Answer

internal oblique and transverse abdominals

Question 16

external oblique originates on the

Accepted Answer

ribs

Question 17

rectus abdominus is the antagonist to

Accepted Answer

erector spinae muscles

Question 18

rectus abdominus sits within the

Accepted Answer

rectus sheath formed by the aponeurosis of the internal obliques

Question 19

iliacs and psoas major both pass

Accepted Answer

deep to the inguinal ligament and insert on the femur, hip flexors

Question 20

thoracolumbar fascia is a critical

Accepted Answer

structural connection, connects force between trunk and leg

Question 21

thoracolumbar fascia is origin of

Accepted Answer

transverse abdominal, internal oblique, and latissimus dorsi

Question 22

thoracolumbar fascia wraps around

Accepted Answer

quadratus laborum

Question 23

abdomen divided into

Accepted Answer

peritoneal and retroperitoneal cavities

Question 24

organs are held into place and anchored to body walls with sheets of connective tissue called

Accepted Answer

mesenteries

Question 25

abdominal organs are in the peritoneal cavity except the

Accepted Answer

kidnneys (retroperitoneal)

Question 26

greater omentum

Accepted Answer

hangs down from the stomach like a curtain, serparating visceral and parietal peritoneum

Question 27

subcutaneous fat does

Accepted Answer

thermoregulation (keeps us warm)

Question 28

visceral fat does

Accepted Answer

cushioning, energy production, signaling

Question 29

visceral fat _______ in some individuals

Accepted Answer

accumulates in and under the omentum and mesenteries in some individuals

Question 30

visceral fat is an ______ organ

Accepted Answer

endocrine releases adipokines - hormones that affect our metabolism

Question 31

the inguinal canal passes between

Accepted Answer

the aponeurosis of the external oblique (superior) and inguinal ligament (inferior)

Question 32

what passes through the inguinal canal

Accepted Answer

spermatic cord or round ligament of uterus pass through

Question 33

spermatic cord inguinal canals are larger in individuals with testes, so they are

Accepted Answer

8x more likely to develop hernias

Question 34

risk factors for hernia

Accepted Answer

chronic cough constipation

Question 35

Why are hernias bad?

Accepted Answer

blockage could rupture and bacteria gets released which leads to sepsis

Question 36

the contents of the GI tract are considered

Accepted Answer

outside the body

Question 37

stomach functions

Accepted Answer

HCl and pepsin/pepsinogen denature proteins three layers of muscle in the wall grind food Holder of food - up to 1L - with slow release into small intestine

Question 38

three sections of small intestine

Accepted Answer

Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Question 39

majority of digestion occurs in the

Accepted Answer

duodenum

Question 40

what aids the duodenum in digestion

Accepted Answer

bile from gall bladder/liver pancreatic juice from pancreas

Question 41

jejunum and ileum are long with masssively folded internal structures for

Accepted Answer

surface area

Question 42

where does absorption occur?

Accepted Answer

jejunum and ileum

Question 43

absorbed nutrients have 1 of 2 fates

Accepted Answer

carbohydrates and proteins are broken into small monomers, absorbed into intestinal capillaires -> hepatic portal vein to liver for filtration/processing, also water absorbed into blood

lipids assemble into small droplets due to hydrophobic properties, too large for capillaries, absorbed into lacteals (lymph) head straight to venous return

Question 44

large intestine functions

Accepted Answer

absorbs water and vitamins from the remaining material compaction of feces

Question 45

the appendix is a haven for

Accepted Answer

bacteria

Question 46

bacteria in the appendix ____ the large intenstine after

Accepted Answer

repopulate diarrheal disease

Question 47

the appendix has some ________ ______ in wall

Accepted Answer

lymph tissue

Question 48

if a lump of feces or swelling of lymph tissue causes blockage in the appendix

Accepted Answer

the bacteria cannot escape which results in swelling and rupture can result

Question 49

Liver functions - the liver recycles

Accepted Answer

red blood cells - produces bilirubin, secreted into bile -> feces

Question 50

Liver functions - produces ____

Accepted Answer

bile -> lipid breakdown

Question 51

Liver functions - produces ______ ________

Accepted Answer

plasma proteins - main osmotic regulators of the blood

Question 52

Liver functions - filters

Accepted Answer

nutrient rich/toxin rich blood from the small intestine

Question 53

Liver functions - ______ storage

Accepted Answer

glycogen storage -> metabolic role

Question 54

pancreas is both an _______ and _______ organ

Accepted Answer

endocrine and exocrine

Question 55

exocrine function of pancreas

Accepted Answer

pancreatic juice to GI tract

Question 56

endocrine function of pancreas

Accepted Answer

regulator of blood sugar through the antagonistic action of insulin and glucagon

Question 57

the pancreas connects to the

Accepted Answer

duodenum

Question 58

the spleen recycles

Accepted Answer

red blood cells

Question 59

the spleen is a ________ organ

Accepted Answer

lymphoid - scans the blood for pathogens

Question 60

the spleen is highly

Accepted Answer

vascularized main risk of abdominal injury is splenic bleeding

Question 61

kidneys filter

Accepted Answer

blood from renal arteries - return filtered blood in renal veins to IVC does not go through hepatic portal system

Question 62

adrenal glands contain

Accepted Answer

medulla and cortex

Question 63

the ____ kidney is lower

Accepted Answer

right -> liver

Abdomen

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