Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 1

Main Stages

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and Chemiosmosis.

Question 2

Electron Transport Chain

Accepted Answer

Series of proteins that transfer electrons from NADH/FADH₂ to oxygen.

Question 3

Proton Gradient

Accepted Answer

H⁺ concentration difference across inner membrane created by ETC.

Question 4

ATP Synthase

Accepted Answer

Enzyme that uses proton flow to synthesize ATP from ADP + Pi.

Question 5

Final Electron Acceptor

Accepted Answer

Oxygen (O₂) forming water after accepting electrons.

Question 6

Chemiosmotic Gradient

Accepted Answer

Potential energy stored in proton gradient used for ATP production.

Question 7

Total ATP Yield per Glucose

Accepted Answer

~34 ATP from oxidative phosphorylation (≈36 total including glycolysis & CAC).

Question 8

Uncouplers

Accepted Answer

Substances that dissipate proton gradient, reducing ATP output and producing heat.

Question 9

Cyanide/CO Effect

Accepted Answer

Block ETC by binding to complex IV → halts ATP production and cell death.

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