classification unit 2

Organisation of all living organisms into groups

Larger groups split into smaller groups and so on

A taxon

Organisms in the same group are more closely related

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Prokaryotae
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protoctista

No nucleus or membrane bound organelles
70s ribosomes
Cell wall of peptidoglycan
Circular DNA

Multicellular eukaryotes
No cell wall
Heterotrophic
Nervous co-ordination

Multicellular eukaryotes
Photosynthetic w chloroplasts
Cell wall of cellulose

Heterotrophic eukaryotes
Cell wall of chitin
Composed of thin thread called hyphae
Reproduce by spores

Mostly unicellular eukaryotes
Algae have no tissue differentiation

Group of similar organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

2 words, italicised
Same everywhere in the world, universal name to avoid confusion

There should be 3 domains
All organisms evolved along 3 separate lineages

Eubacteria (true bacteria)
Archaea (prokaryotic extremophiles)
Eukarya (all eukaryotic organisms)

Organisms that live in harsh conditions

Looking at the shape and form of an organism

Similar morphology but are unrelated in evolutionary terms

Using biochemical analysis like DNA sequencing

Same structure but different functions, eg pentadactyl limbs

Relatedness

That organisms are related

Thru convergent evolution

Function is same but origin of structure is different

Diagrams that represent the evolutionary pathways leading to different species

Biological polymers have subunits that are different (DNA, RNA or protein) and can be used to establish relatedness- sequences are compared and counted

More differences=less closely related the 2 organisms are

Gel electrophoresis