Y9 Chemistry Atomic Structure Review
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1
Alkali Metals(1)
Lithium, Sodium, Potassium
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Halogens(7)
Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine
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Element definition
An element is a substance that is made of only one type of atom.
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How are the elements arranged on the periodic table?
By atomic number(number of protons)
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What are the 3 sub-atomic particles
protons,neutrons and electrons
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Electron configuration for Chlorine
2,8,7
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Electrons are arranged in energy levels called _______
Electron shells
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The first electron shell, closest to the nucleus, has the _______ energy which is why it fills first.
lowest
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Isotopes definition
Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons (atomic number) but a different number of neutrons(mass number)
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Why isn't mas number of atom always a whole number
The mass number on the periodic table is the average of the naturally occuring isotopes of that element
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RAM formula example
(13x95.40)+(14x4.60)/100
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Ions definition
Ions are charged atoms
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When do Ions form
Ions form when an atom gains electrons to its valence shell or loses electrons from its valence shell.
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What do metal atoms form
Positive ions called cations
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What do Non-metal atoms form
Negative ions called anions
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Exception to Non-metals form anions
Hydrogen
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All anions end in ___
ide
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Aluminium and Gallium form a ___ ion
3+
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Ionic Compound definition
An ionic compound is a group of metal and non-metal ions bonded together by an electrostatic force of attraction between cations and anions.
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Ammonium symbol
NH4(+)
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Phosphate symbol
PO4(3-)
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Carbonate symbol
CO3(2-)
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Sulfate symbol
SO4(2-)
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Reactants are written on the ____ side of the equation
left
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Products are written on the _____ side of the equation
right
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