Psychology: Learning and Behavior
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1
What is learning?
A lasting change caused by experience
2
Can learning be directly observed?
No, learning is inferred through changes in behaviour
3
What are the 2 categories of learning?
Associative and non-associative
4
What is associative learning?
Learning by making connections between two stimuli
5
What is non-associative learning?
Learning from repeated exposure to a single stimulus without making connections
6
What is an example of associative learning?
Cringing at a dental drill because you associate its sound with past pain
7
What is an example of non-associative learning?
Learning to ignore a disturbing sound after a few nights
8
What is habituation?
A decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated exposure
9
What type of learning is habituation?
Non-associative learning
10
What is dishabituation?
Reacting to something again after getting used to it, usually because something new happened
11
What is an example of habituation?
A bird stops reacting to you near its nest after realizing you pose no threat
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What is an example of dishabituation?
A bird reacts again when someone pokes its nest, introducing a new stimulus
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What disorders can show differences in habituation?
Schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, ADHD, and Tourette's
14
What is sensitization?
An increased response to a stimulus after repeated exposure or a strong experience
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What type of learning is sensitization?
Non-associative learning
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What is an example of sensitization?
Becoming easily startled by loud noises after hearing a very loud sound
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