1How does media distort the image of crime
- media over represents violent and sexual crime (46% violent crim covered whereas it only makes up 3% of police reports.
- media represents criminals and victims as older + more m/c
- media coverage exaggerates police success
- the media exaggerates risk of victimisation
- crime is reported as a series of seperate events
- the media overplay extraordindary crime
2what are new values
The criteria in which journalists decide if whether a story is newsworthy enough. e.g. dramatisation,violence,risk,immediacy
3What are the different ways media may cause crime
- Imitation-provides deviant role models = copycat behaviour
- Arousal - through viewing violent or sexual imagery
- Desensitisation - through repeated viewing of violence
- Transmits knowledge of crimincal techniques
- as a target of crime - e.g tv theft
- Stimulates desires for unaffordable goods , e.g advertising
- Portrays police as incompetant
- glamourises offending
4what did gerbner find out about fear of crime
The heavy watchers of TV had higher fear of crime
5What are left realists view on media and crime (Merton
they argue thst mass media help increase feelings of relative deprivation such as lea and young. Since even poorest groups have access to media and see the luxiourious life style as the norm.
Merton - pressure to conform to norm can lead to deviant behaviour. Media sets the norm and thus promotes crime.
6What are cultural criminologist views on crime (Hayword and young),
society is so media saturated , this can create a blurring of the image of crime and the reality of it. e.g. gang assaults staged for camera or police reality TV shows.
7what do cultural criminologists say about the commodification of crime
Crime and its thrills have become commodified. Use images of crime to sell products especially to youth e.g
gangster hiphop rap,
car adverts including joy riding, grafitti and suicide bombinh
fashion industry using images of forbidden e.g opium. poison , heroin chic.
8How does commodification of crime effect crime
- Certain designer labels can be used as labels of deviance, branding those who wear it.
- Grafitti is now used as a marker of urban and cool. Now corporations use it as a Guerilla marketingtechnique called brandalism where they try use it to sell everything.
9What are moral panics.
An exaggerated over-reaction by society to a percieved problem, typically fuelled by the media.
10how are moral panics developed
- Media identitifies folk devil / threat to societal values
- media present group in negative stereotypical fashion + exaggerate scale of issue
- ‘respectable people’ e.g politicians, police , bishops condenm group and behaviour
- leads to ‘crackdown’ on group which leads to self fuffiling prophecy that amplifies the problem that started the moral panic. (Deviance amplification spiral)
11Explain Cohens Mods and Rockers and how the media amplifyed it
- Exaggeration and distortion, e.g the numbers and the violence
- Prediction - assumed violence and conflict would continue
- symbolisation - through their hairstyles clothes and music. All were negatively labelled and associated with deviance.
12what is cohens deviance amplification spiral
media made the problem look like it was getting out of hand leading to increased control from police leading to marginalisation of mods and rockers as deviants. therefore people become less tolerant of them leading to an upward spiral.
The media also amplified the deviance by clearly defining the loose knit groups with subcultural styles, leading to more youths adopting this style and increasing numbers. now making them tight knit gangs.
The two distinct idenities created by the media created a self fufffiling prophecy of escalating conflict, as the youth acted out the roles the media assigned to them
13explain cohens Wider context of moral panic
Moral panics take place at times of social change, reflectin anxieties people feel when their values are undermimed.
the moral panic about mods and rockers could be fuelled by the change of post war british society.
where hedonism and consumerism was introduced to the youth and this caused clashes with the older generation who lived through hardships.
boundary crises - there in uncertainty where the line between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour lay.
14What is the functionalist perspective of moral panics
Seen as a way of responding to anomie/ normlessness created by change. The media raises collective consciousness and reasserts social controls through dramatising the threat of folk devils
15Explain different types of cyber crime (Wall)
- cyber-tresspass
- cyber - deception and theft
- cyber- pornography
- cyber-violence
- global cyber crime