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AS Russian Revolution

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1
When did Nicholas II become Tsar?
November 1894
2
When was the Khodynka Tragedy?
May 1896, following Nicholas II's coronation
3
When was the wave of anti-Jewish pogroms? How many deaths?
1903-1906, 2000 deaths
4
When was the start of the 1905 revolution?
January 1905
5
When was the October Manifesto issued?
October 1905
6
When did Sergei Witte become Prime Minister?
November 1905
7
When was the new Constitution created? (The Fundamental Laws; First Duma.)
April 1906
8
When did Pyotr Stolypin become Prime Minister?
July 1906
9
When was Stolypin assassinated?
September 1911
10
When did the February Revolution take place? (Nicholas II abdicates; Provisional Government established)
February 1917
11
When did Lenin return to Russia?
April 1917
12
When was the October Revolution? (Led by Lenin, Bolsheviks seize power)
October 1917
13
When was the Russian Civil War? (Imposition of Terror and War Communism)
1918-1921
14
When did the constituent assembly meet and dissolve?
January 1918
15
When was the treaty of Brest-Litovsk? (Bolshevik Russia withdraws from First World War)
March 1918
16
When was Nicholas II and his family murdered by Bolsheviks?
January 1918
17
When was the crushing of the sailors uprising and a one party state established?
March 1921
18
At the end of the 19th century, Russia was the largest state in Europe, covering almost _______ square kilometers and with a population of _______.
123 million, 130 million
19
From _______ to _______ the country was ruled by Tsar Nicholas II, an autocrat with unlimited power.
1894, 1917
20
At the end of the 19th century, Russia was diverse in racial groups. Only _______ of the population were ethnic Russians. The rest consisted of Armenians, Germans, Poles and Ukrainians, as well as many Asiatic peoples.
45%
21
In 1905, almost _______ of the empire's population followed the Orthodox faith, but there were significant Catholic, Jewish and Muslim minorities.
70%
22
Russia's _______ Jews endured frequent persecution, they were blamed for Russia's troubles and subjected to periodic pogroms.
5 million
23
Emancipation of the Serfs (date)
1861
24
_______: Land bank was founded to provide money for local communities and individual peasants to buy land.
1882
25
In _______ redemption payments were canceled, but in reality this made little difference to the peasants.
1905
26
By _______, Russia had caught up with Britain and Germany in terms of the total length of its rail work.
1900
27
Nicholas II became tsar in 1894, announcing, '_______'.
I shall maintain the principle of autocracy just as firmly as my unforgettable father
28
_______, Nicholas's father, ruled from _______ to _______ and opposed any reforms in Russia.
Alexander III, 1881, 1894
29
'Khodynka Tragedy': Occurred during the festivities of Nicholas's coronation in _______. More than _______ people were crushed to death and a similar amount of people were injured.
May 1896, 1300
30
Russia was made up of _______ administrative regions - far more than was necessarily needed to govern even such a large country
97
31
Local councils known as _______ had been set up following the emancipation of the serfs in _______
Zemstvos, 1861
32
Sergei Witte: The one forward thinking Russian statesman at this time. Supported reform. Minister of finance from _______ to _______.
1892, 1903
33
Following the events of Bloody Sunday: In January alone, more than _______ workers downed tools across the country, the largest ever labor protest in Russian history.
400,000
34
Following Bloody Sunday: Rebellion overtook the countryside, over _______ manors were destroyed.
3,000
35
Following Bloody Sunday: From _______ to _______ the army was used no fewer than _______ times to put down peasant uprisings.
January, October, 2,700
36
Following the events of Bloody Sunday: On _______ the unrest spread to the Black Sea Fleet when the sailors of the Battleship Potemkin rebelled against their officers.
14 June
37
The October Manifesto's proclamation was met with jubilation in the streets on _______.
17 October 1905
38
Fundamental Laws created in _______
April 1906
39
The SRs and SDs had boycotted the Duma elections, but the largest party, the _______, with _______ of the _______ seats, immediately demanded radical political reforms.
Kadets, 153, 448
40
The second largest party in the First Duma were the _______
107 Trudoviks (Labourites)
41
On _______ the Tsar dissolved the First Duma
July 8 1906
42
Stolypin was Prime Minister from _______ until his assassination in _______.
July 1906, 1911
43
2nd Duma consisted of _______ Socialists including, _______ SRs and _______ SDs. They were radically opposed to Stolypin's land reforms
222, 37, 65
44
First Duma dates: _______
May-July 1906
45
Second Duma dates: _______
February-June 1907
46
Third Duma dates: _______
November 1907-June 1912
47
Fourth Duma dates: _______
November 1912-August 1914
48
On _______, International Women's Day, a large crowd of women marched along Nevsky Prospekt to protest for equal rights.
23 February 1917
49
on _______, _______ workers took to the streets - some armed with spanners and pieces of iron to fight the soldiers brought in overnight to bar their way and to loot the well-stocked food shops of the city center.
24 February 1917, 150,000
50
on _______ mutiny within the military formed and grew alongside riots. February days.
25-27 February 1917
51
_______: Nicholas II abdicates
March 2nd 1917
52
_______: Kerensky becomes Prime Minister
8 July 1917
53
Over half a million workers went on strike between _______ and _______ 1917
April, July
54
Tsar confirmed Russia's entry into WWI on _______
31 July 1914
55
skip
1 March 1881, The People's Will
56
Lenin's older brother was arrested for the death of Alexander II and killed when planning to assassinate the next tsar: Alexander III in _______.
1887
57
After _______, Alexander III passed a series of reforms that made it harder for socialists and liberals to work within the law
1881
58
_______, _______, _______, and the People's Will- Groups and people that Lenin took inspiration from before learning about marxism.
Chernyshevsky, Nechaev, Tkachev,
59
Last half-century of the old regime - empire's population grew from _______, to _______ people.
7 million, 28 million
60
Factory law preventing the nighttime employment of women and children introduced in _______
1885
61
Factory law restricting the working day to 11 and a half hours introduced in _______
1897
62
No legal trade unions until _______
1905
63
Three-quarters of the factory workforce went on strike in the revolutionary years of _______ to _______
1905, 1906
64
Union of liberation developed _______ to _______ and were the main opposition to the tsar during the 1905 revolution
1904, 1905
65
In _______: Zemstvo congress in St. Petersburg calling for political reforms including a legislative parliament
November 1904
66
skip
August 1904
67
Bloody Sunday occurred on _______
9 January
68
_______: _______ workers went on strike prior to bloody sunday.
3-8 January, 120,000
69
_______ peaceful protesters participated in Bloody Sunday
100,000
70
_______ people were killed in bloody sunday, hundreds more were injured
130
71
Bloody Sunday led to over _______ people including students, Women's unions for equality, and unions for railway workers protesting the deaths that occurred outside the winter palace.
400,000
72
Follwing Bloody Sunday Rebellion overtook the countryside, over _______ manors were burnt down or destroyed
3,000
73
skip
20 September 1905
74
_______- Socialist leaders were allowed to return from exile
October 1905
75
Kadets- Constitutional Democrats, a party of liberal-radicals committed to a reform on the western model. _______ of _______ seats in first Duma
153, 448
76
Octobrists- _______
supported new legal order created by the manifesto
77
_______- extreme nationalist anti-semetic party openly supported by Nicholas II whose paramilitary groups fought revolutionaries in the streets and carried out pogroms against the jews.
Union of the Russian people
78
Lenin returned from Geneva in early _______
November 1905
79
skip
3 December 1905
80
Date of Fundamental Laws- _______
April 1906
81
_______- Legislative parliament but could not pass its own laws without approval by the tsar and the state council. Heavily weighted in favor of the tsar
Duma
82
_______- Duma's first opening session. Discovered that Duma was radical and a revolutionary tribune. SRs and SDs boycotted the elections but the Largest party, the Kadets, immediately demanded political reforms.
27 April 1906
83
The Tsar dissolved the first duma on _______ and appointed _______ as prime minister.
8 July, Pyotr Stolypin
84
Stolypin was PM from _______ up until his assassination in _______
1906, 1911
85
Decree on _______- the tsar changed the electoral system for the third duma so that pro-government parties (Octobrists and Rightists) controlled _______ of the _______ seats. Radicals referred to it as a '_______'.
3 June, 287, 443, Duma of Lords and Lackeys
86
skip
1909, Naval General Staff Bill
87
skip
1 September 1911, D.G. Bogrov, Now there will be no more talk about reform
88
Tsar declared war on _______, confirming Russia's entry into the First World War. Met by an outpouring of national unity
31 July 1914
89
_______- Duma dissolves itself claiming that it did not want to involve the government with unnecessary politics during wartime.
8 August
90
_______- Following entry to first world war St. Petersburg changed name to _______ because it sounded too German.
1914, Petrograd
91
Improvements of Russian railways allowed for mobilization of _______ men during WWI
1.2 million
92
Battles Russia was defeated in in WWI: _______, _______, and _______
Battle of Baku, Battle of Rasna, Battle of Tannenberg
93
_______ Russian people were killed or went MIA during First World War
1,451,000
94
_______: Nicholas II makes himself commander in chief of the Russian Army, arguably the worst decision he made as tsar
30 August 1915
95
skip
1912, 1914
96
_______- Cities started to experience food shortages
1915
97
skip
October 1916, 181st, 130 Soldiers
98
_______- Provisional Government formed and takes control of Russia in a dual power situation with the Petrograd Soviet
15 March 1917
99
_______: large crowd gathered at Tauride Palace, the seat of the duma, looking for political leaders.
27 February 1917
100
skip
1 March 1917
101
Provisional Government passed a series of reforms in _______ this included _______, ________, were removed, and _______
Spring of 1917, Freedoms of assembly, press and speech, Legal restrictions of race, class, gender, universal adult suffrage was introduced
102
Factory committees and Red Guards formed in _______ to protect the worker's rights and to defend the factories
1917
103
Lenin returns to Russia on _______ sent by the Germans who hoped his defeatist views would undermine the Russian war effort. Lenin presented his _______ which was a plan for a second revolution to give power to the Soviets.
April 3 1917, April Theses
104
________ to _______: Kornilov Affair
August 27, September 13 1917
105
Bolsheviks win their first majority within the Petrograd Soviet on _______
31 August 1917
106
_______- storming of the winter palace, soviet garrison storms the winter palace and Kerensky's ministers are arrested. _______ delegates within the socialist party then unanimously decided to make Russia a socialist state.
26 October 1917, 670
107
skip
15 October 1917
108
_______: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed, Russia gave up territories in Poland, Lithuania, Estonia and Finland.
3 March 1918
109
Soviet Russia lost _______ of its population, _______ of its agricultural land, _______ of its industrial enterprises, and _______ of its coal mines following the treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
34%, 32%, 54%, 89%
110
Kornilov killed on _______
12 April 1918
111
Czech Legion- armed force of _______ subjects of the Austro Hungarian Empire, opposed to Bolshevik rule and part of the 'whites'
35,000
112
Czech Legion and Bolshevik forces clash along trans-siberian railway in _______
May 1918
113
Britain France and USA withdrew troops from Russia in _______ to _______, removing support for the white army
1919, 1920
114
Summer of _______- Imposition of War Communism: _______, _______ and the _______.
1918, the nationalization of large-scale industry, the abolition of private markets, forcible requisitioning of surplus grain from the peasants
115
Benefits of War Communism- _______. _______.
increased Bolshevik control over central economy, Tightening of discipline over workforce enabled Bolsheviks to produce more arms than their opponents
116
Non-agricultural labor force fell from _______ to _______ in 1917-1920
3.6 million, 1.5 million
117
By _______ to _______ large-scale industrial production had fallen by _______ compared with 1913, the last full year of peace before WWI
1920, 1921, 82%
118
in _______ Russia was facing famine
1920
119
There were hundreds of peasant revolts to War Communism, the most serious of which began in Tambov, _______ south-east of moscow in the autumn of _______.
350km, 1920
120
in _______, Kronstadt uprising. Uprising of sailors at Kronstadt, on an island outside Petrograd
February 1921
121
Under direction of Trotsky, _______ Red Army troops, backed by Cheka units, assaulted Kronstadt in March to do battle with _______ defenders. It was a Red Army victory.
60,000, 15,000
122
The Kronstadt rebellion convinced Lenin that his policy of war communism needed to change, leading to the creation of the New Economic Policy in _______.
March 1921
123
What did the NEP change?
Food requisitioning was replaced by tax in kind and once peasants had paid this they were allowed to sell surplus grain on the market
124
When did Lenin take an L
January 1924
125
E.H. Carr refers to the 1905 revolution as "_______" (1)
a revolt of bourgeois liberals and constitutionalists against an arbitrary and antiquated aristocracy.
126
E.H. Carr refers to the 1905 revolution as "_______" (2)
a revolt of workers sparked off by the atrocity of bloody sunday
127
skip
a widespread revolt of peasants, spontaneous and uncoordinated, often extremely bitter and violent
128
Historian E.H. Carr refers to the 1917 Provisional Government as possessing "_______"
neither the economic strength, nor the political maturity, neither the independence nor the inner coherence necessary to wield power.
129
Historian E.H. Carr refers to the 1917 revolution as "_______"
a mass movement inspired by a wave of immense enthusiasm and by Utopian visions of the emancipation of mankind from the shackles of a remote and despotic power.
130
Historian Orlando Figes believes that "_______" (1)
in the mind of the ordinary peasant, the tsar was not just a kingly ruler, but a god on earth.
131
Historian Orlando Figes believes that "_______" (Romanov Regime failure)
the Romanov regime fell under the weight of its own internal contradictions.
132
Historian Orlando Figes refers to the Provisional Government as "_______"
A government of persuasion.
133
Historian Orlando Figes states "_______" (Marxism and Lenin)
It was not Marxism that made Lenin a revolutionary but Lenin who made Marxism revolutionary.
134
Historian Christopher Hill describes that "_______" (Lenin)
Lenin symbolises the Russian Revolution as a movement of the poor and oppressed of the earth who have successfully risen against the great and powerful.
135
Historian Christopher Hill states that "_______" (Provisional Government overthrow)
In retrospect, it is easy enough to see that the overthrow of the bankrupt and unpopular Provisional Government was inevitable.
136
Historian Richard Pipes believes that "_______" (Bolshevik struggle October Revolution)
The ease with which the Bolsheviks toppled the Provisional Government has persuaded many historians that the October coup was "inevitable". But it can appear as such only in retrospect. Lenin himself thought it an extremely chancy undertaking.
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