1Four basic editions of windows 10?
Home, Pro, Pro for workstations, Enterprise.
2What is the biggest difference between windows 10 home and all the other versions of windows 10?
You cannot have domain access, use bitlocker, enforce group policy, and by default not use RDP.
3Command prompt command to change the directory?
cd
4Windows command to list files and subdirectories of current working directory?
dir
5Windows command that creates a directory?
md (mkdir)
6Windows command that deletes a directory?
rd (rmdir
7This Windows command moves you UP, back into the parent directory?
cd ..
8Windows command used to find and repair physical and logical errors on a storage volume?
chkdsk
93 common file copy commands?
copy: copies only files located in a chosen folder. xcopy: better functionality than copy, used to copy the entire folder’s contents. This can be messy as it doesn’t copy the folder itself, just the contents and puts them to the destination. robocopy: the most robust of them all, can use mirroring with (/MIR), and any data copied will replace any outdated data in the destination folder and can be made to run on a schedule.
10Commands used to partition and manage a disk?
diskpart (x). list disk - shows available disks to work with. select disk (x) - chooses the drive you want to work with. list part- shows partitions on selected drive. clean - wipes disk. format fs=ntfs quick - this quickly formats disk as NTFS assign.
11Command that displays the current group policy settings?
gpresult
12Common comands to shutdown a system?
/s - shutdown immediately. slash r- restart immediately. /t - set a time before shutdown in seconds. /a - aborts shutdown.
13Commands to verify protected file integrity?
sfc /scannow - finds and repairs corrupt, damaged, or wrong versions of protected system files. sfc /verifyonly - finds but does not repair those same files.
14Command that shows the current version of Windows running?
winver
15Command that gives statistics for network connection?
netstat. -a : displays active TCP and UDP ports openly listening. -p : used to filter by specified protocol. -r : displays the routing table.
16Command used to help diagnose DNS issues?
nslookup
17Command similar to trace route but shows more connection details?
pathping
18Command used to add/modify/view account details for user account, whether that be for local or domain accounts?
net user. /domain - added to add to domain or specify that you are referencing a domain account.
19Command used to connect shared resources?
net use. If you don’t use /persistent (or /p), the drive will only be temporary and disappear after reboot.
20Difference between shared resources on workgroup vs domain?
Workgroup: User credentials must be setup on each device and Domain: Domain account may access any device within domain.
21Difference between printers in workgroup vs domain?
Workgroup: Printers must be set as shared to be accessed by other workgroup members and Domain: Any printer on the domain may be accessed.
22Difference between file servers in workgroup vs domain?
Workgroup: Credentials must be created on the file server for each user and Domain: Domain account may access any device within domain.
23Difference between mapped drives in workgroup vs domain?
Workgroup: Credentials must be created on the device containing the network drive for each user and Domain: Domain account may access any device within the domain
24Differences between 32-bit and 64-bit OS?
32-BIT CPU Requirement: 32 or 64 BIT. Max RAM: 4GB. Speed: Slower. Application compatibility: 32 or 16-bit. Driver compatibility: 32-bit. and for 64-BIT: CPU: 64-bit. Max Ram: 16EB (~17 billion GB). Speed: Faster. App compatibility: 64 and most 32-bit applications. Driver compatibility: 64-bit.
25The four common workstation OS types?
Windows, Linux, Mac OS, Chrome OS.
26Two common mobile OS?
Android and iOS.
27NTFS primary OS usage, max file size, max volume size, and does it have built-in compression?
Windows, 256TB, 8PB, Yes.
28FAT32 primary OS usage, max file size, max volume size, and does it have built-in compression?
MacOS or Windows, 4GB, 16TB, No.
29ext3 primary OS usage, max file size, max volume size, and does it have built-in compression?
Linux, 2TB, 32TB, No.
30ext4 primary OS usage, max file size, max volume size, and does it have built-in compression?
Linux, 16TB, 1EB, No.
31APFS primary OS usage, max file size, max volume size, and does it have built-in compression?
MacOS, 8EB, X, Yes.
32exFAT primary OS usage, max file size, max volume size, and does it have built-in compression?
MacOS or Windows, 16EB, 128PB, No.
33Common boot methods for OS installation?
USB, Optical Media, Network (PXE), External Drive (USB or eSATA connection), Internal Drive Partition.
34Installation types and description?
Upgrade: Upgrade OS to newer version, retains files and settings. Recovery: Reinstall OS from recovery partition on internal drive. Does not require any additional install media, does not retain files and settings. Clean Install: Fresh installation from install media, does not retain files and settings. Image Deployment: Install OS from a premade customized image, retains files and settings from device image was made from. Repair Installation: Attempts to repair current installation, uses install media, retains files and settings. Remote Network Install: Installs OS remotely over a network, can use a custom image or stock install media on server, does not retain files and setting currently on device.
35Two sources of application install for MacOS?
App Store or External source (download from internet, USB, media drive).
36Three common MacOS installation file types?
.app : like windows’ .exe, .dmg : macOS disk image, must be mounted before installation, .pkg : A complete installation package, similar to .dmg but requires no mounting.
37Command to show working directory linux?
pwd
38Command to move files and directories to a new location linux?
mv
39Linux command to list directories and hidden files?
ls -a
40Linux command to see permissions for a file?
ls -l
41What is the order for seeing permissions for a file? Give an example
User(owner)(Group)(Everyone else). drwxr--r--. Above means it is a directory, the owner has (read, write, and execute) permissions, the group has read only, and everyone else has read only. The "d" means it is a directory, - means it's a file.
42Command to change permissions, linux?
chmod
43Command to change owner in linux?
chown
44Command to change to the super user (admin) in linux?
su (sudo change to super user for one command)
45Command in linux to install and update applications etc.?
apt (for example, sudo apt install logitechghub)
46Command to show IP address info linux?
ip addr
47Command to display file system info in linux, also parameter to add to make it easier to read?
df -h (h means human readable
48Command in linux used to search for text?
grep: -i (ignores case), -c (Displays a count of matches), -v (Displays all lines that do not match), -w (Matches entire word).
49Command to display active processes in linux?
ps: -e (display all processes), -r (display running processes), -p (filters by PID), -f (displays "full formatting"), -u (filters by username), top - displays real time view of processes
50Command used to get help in linux?
man
51Command searches through directories in linux? give example
find (sudo find /etc -name TestPage).
52Command to pull up built in terminal text editor in linux? Example
nano (nano America.txt).
53How to list available updates and then select the update in linux?
apt update ---- or apt upgrade ---.
54What does AAA server do and what are the A's?
Used for authentication. Means authentication, authorization, and accounting.
55WPA2 encryption type and authentication type? What type of attack is it susceptible to?
Uses CCMP encryption with AES cipher, may use pre-shared key (PSK) or EAP authentication. Also uses Wi-Fi protected setup (WPS), this should be disabled. WPA2 is often attacked by KRACK and offline dictionary attacks.
56WPA3 encryption type and authentication type? What type of attack is it susceptible to?
Uses more efficient GCMP encryption with AES cipher, uses Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) for authentication. No known vulnerabilities.
57Legacy encryption method that uses RC4 cipher, has slower speeds, numerous vulnerabilities and should be avoided? What is it used in combo with?
TKIP, WPA
58Encryption protocol that uses CCMP or GCMP encryption methods, has faster speeds, no known breaches and is the preferred encryption method?
AES
59Protocols and encryption: Give a brief description, the encryption type, authentication type, data integrity type, and key management for the following wireless protocols. (WEP, WPA, WPA2, WPA3)
WEP: weird-like privacy in wireless, RC4, WEP-Open and WEP-Standard auth, CRC-32 data integrity, no key management. WPA: Based on 802.11i w/out requirement for new hardware, TKIP + RC4 encryption, WPA-PSK and WPA-Enterprise auth, MIC Algorithm data integrity, 4-way handshake key management. WPA2: All mandatory 802.11i features and a new hardware, CCMP/AES encryption, WPA2-Personal and WPA2-Enterprise auth, Cipher block chaining message authentication code data integrity, 4-way handshake key management. WPA3: Recently standardized, GCMP-256 encryption, WPA3-Personal and WPA3-Enterpris auth, 256-bit broadcast/multicast protocol Galois message authentication code, (ECDH) exchange and (ECDSA) data integrity.
60Authentication protocols used for AAA servers?
RADIUS- Remote authentication dial-in user service. Used primarily for network user authentication. Encrypts password only and uses UDP (who can access this device) TACACS+- Terminal access controller access-control system plus. Cisco designed protocol, used primarily for administrator access to network devices. Encrypts all data and uses TCP (who can access and manage this device). Kerberos- used only for authentication, contains no authorization or auditing. Allows SSO, produces a ticket after initial sign in, this ticket is used to authenticate to different applications. Ticket does not contain credentials. Kerberos is used heavily in Active Directory.
61What are the two built in Windows encryption options for data at rest?
BitLocker or EFS.
62What are the 7 steps to malware removal?
1. Investigate and verify symptoms, 2. Quarantine infected system, 3. Disable Windows system restore, 4. Remediate infected system, 5. Schedule scans, perform updates, 6. Enable Windows system restore, create restore point, 7. Educate the end user.
63What is a screened subnet?
A perimeter network that protects an organization's internal local area network (LAN) from untrusted traffic
64Explain how the directory permissions can be numbered in Linux and used in the terminal?
In Linux, you can convert letter permissions to octal by giving 4 for each R, 2 for each W, and 1 for each X. R is for read-only, W is for write, and X is for execute.
65What is WPS and why is it not strong?
WPS was created to ease the setup and configuration of new wireless devices by allowing the router to automatically configure them after a short eight-digit PIN was entered. Unfortunately, WPS is vulnerable to a brute-force attack and is easily compromised. Therefore, WPS should be disabled on all wireless networks.
66The MOST secure wireless security and encryption protocol, why?
Wi-Fi protected access version 3 (WPA3) has replaced WPA2 as the most secure wireless encryption method. WPA3 uses the simultaneous authentication of equals (SAE) to increase the security of preshared keys. WPA3 provides the enhanced open mode that encrypts transmissions from a client to the access point when using an open network. WPA3 Enterprise mode supports the use of AES with the Galois/counter mode protocol (GCMP-256) for the highest levels of encryption.
67What protocol and algorithm goes with WPA?
TKIP protocol and RC4 algorithm
68What protocol and algorithm goes with WPA2?
CCMP protocol and AES algorithm.
69What is Boot Camp on Mac?
Boot Camp is used to allow dual booting on a Macintosh computer. It allows the user to boot into either macOS (OS X) or Windows as the computer is rebooted. Boot Camp is only supported on Intel-based macOS systems, though.
70A reduction in or restriction on the availability of electrical power in a particular area?
Under voltage event.
71This type of installation that attempts to replace the existing version of the operating system files with a new copy of the same version. This is useful when trying to repair a Windows computer that will not boot or when you believe the system files have become corrupted?
Repair installation
72This is a type of installation that will recopy the system files and revert most system settings to their default configuration while preserving user personalization settings, data files, and applications installed through the Windows Store?
Refresh installation
73This is an installation of the new operating system on top of an existing version of the operating system. It will preserve the applications, user settings, and data files that already exist on the computer.
In-place upgrade
74What are the minimum requirements for Windows 11 (64-bit)?
Windows 11 (64-bit) operating system, the minimum requirements are a dual-core 1 GHz processor, 4 GB of RAM, and at least 64 GB of hard drive space.
75What are the minimum requirements for Windows 10 (32-bit)?
Windows 10 (32-bit) operating system, the minimum requirements are a 1 GHz processor, 1 GB of RAM, and at least 16 GB of hard drive space.
76What are the minimum requirements for Windows 10 (64-bit)?
Windows 10 (64-bit) operating system, the minimum requirements are a 1 GHz processor, 2 GB of RAM, and at least 32 GB of hard drive space.
77What is a host file?
It is a local plain text file that maps servers or hostnames to IP addresses. It was the original method to resolve hostnames to a specific IP address. The hosts file is usually the first process in the domain name resolution procedure. When a user requests a webpage, the hosts.ini file is first checked for the IP address. If the IP address isn't found in the hosts.ini file, then the workstation requests the IP address from the DNS server. Attackers often modify host.ini files to redirect users to a malicious webpage instead of one they would commonly use like Google, Facebook, and others.
78This is used on an Android device to show additional diagnostic information when using apps or making network connections?
Developer mode.
79What is a third-party or custom program that is installed directly on an Android device to give users and businesses the flexibility to install apps directly on Android devices?
Android application package (APK).
80This is a type of Android device that has been hacked to provide the user with administrative rights to install unapproved apps, update OS, delete unwanted apps, underclock or overclock the processor, replace the firmware and customize anything else?
Rooted device.
81What Microsoft license is the standard licensing option for organizations and business entities?
Business license.
82What Microsoft license is like a business license, but for an unlimited number of users and is designed for large corporate and government networks?
Enterprise license.
83What file format type is supported natively by both Windows and macOS?
exFAT
84What is the default file system for Mac computers using macOS 10.13 or later and features strong encryption, space sharing, snapshots, fast directory sizing, and improved file system fundamentals?
APFS (Apple file system).
85What is a network service provided by a router or proxy server to map private local addresses to one or more publicly accessible IP addresses?
Network address translation (NAT).
86What is a document that contains information on the potential hazards (health, fire, reactivity, and environmental) and how to work safely with the chemical product?
MSDS (material safety data sheet)
87What is a document that outlines all the work that is to be performed, as well as the agreed-upon deliverables and timelines?
SOW (scope of work).
88What command in Linux is used to display the user manual of any command from the terminal?
man
89What command is a package manager used with RPM-based Linux distributions to install new software packages, remove existing software packages, upgrade existing software packages, and even upgrade the entire operating system?
yum
90The class A private IP address range contains the addresses from?
10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255.255
91The class B private IP address range contains the addresses from?
172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.25
92The class C private IP address range contains the addresses from?
192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.25
93The APIPA/link-local autoconfiguration range is from?
169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255
94What is a hard disk operation that should make recovering data from your storage devices impossible once the operation is complete, but the device still reusable?
low-level formatting if you want it to be reusable, degaussing if the device will not be used again
95What command is used to query the domain name system (DNS) to obtain information about host addresses, mail exchanges, nameservers, and related information?
dig
96A user reports that every time they try to access a webpage, they receive an error stating "Invalid or Expired Security Certificate." The technician attempts to connect to the same site from other computers on the network, and no errors or issues are observed. Which of the following settings needs to be changed on the user's workstation to fix the "Invalid or Expired Security Certificate" error?
Date and time, website security certificates are issued to be valid within a given date range. If the certificate's date is too far outside the date on the computer, the web browser will give you an invalid security certificate error because the browser thinks something is wrong.
97This network model in which computers are connected together with access to shared resources for organizational purpose?
peer-to-peer.
98A domain is a Microsoft ________ network model that groups computers together for security and to centralize administration?
client/server.
99What is the loopback address in IPv4, and it is reserved for troubleshooting and testing?
127.0.0.1
100What defines the responsibilities of each party in an agreement, provides the scope and authority of the agreement, clarifies terms, and outlines compliance issues?
MOU (memorandum of understanding).
101What command is used to display the amount of disk space available on the file system containing each file name argument. If no filename is provided, then the space available on all currently mounted file systems is displayed?
df
102Regardless of what website you type into your browser, you are being redirected to "malwarescammers.com." What should you do to fix this problem?
Reset the browsers proxy settings
103What is a graphical control element consisting of a window containing an image, a logo, or textual content?
A splash screen or interactive login screen
104What contains a record of the events generated during the Windows installation or upgrade process?
Setup log
105What is a pagefile and when would it be useful to know?
It's a hidden system file with the .sys extension stored on your computer's system drive (usually C:\). The Pagefile allows the computer to perform smoothly by reducing the workload of physical memory. Simply put, every time you open more applications than the RAM on your PC can accommodate, the programs already present in the RAM are automatically transferred to the Pagefile. This process is technically called Paging. Because the Pagefile works as a secondary RAM, it is often referred to as Virtual Memory. Adding more physical memory will allow the computer to run faster, but increasing the pagefile size is an acceptable short-term solution if the computer is running slow or getting memory low warnings.
106What is a portion of a private network connected to the Internet and protected against intrusion. Certain services may need to be made publicly accessible from the Internet (such as a web, email, or game servers) and they should be installed in the perimeter network instead of in your intranet?
Perimeter network (DMZ)
1078 steps of change management?
-Request proper forms, -Determine purpose of change, -Identify scope of change, -Schedule change, -Determine affected systems, -Analyze risk, -Get approval, -End-user acceptance.
108The primary scripting language for windows uses what type of file extension?
.bat
109An enhanced command line scripting language used for windows called Powershell, used by system administrators, can run executables and integrate with Active Directory, uses what file extension?
.ps1
110A ___ script is like a batch file for linux, uses .sh extension?
shell
111Four things to be included in a request for change (RFC)?
End user acceptance, rollback plan, risk analysis, plan for change.
112Most important part of the request for change?
rollback plan
113An attack that injects scripts into a Web application server to direct attacks at clients. Malicious scripts are injected into otherwise benign and trusted websites?
Cross-site Scripting (XSS)
114An attack that targets SQL servers by injecting commands to be manipulated by the database?
SQL Injection
115A _ deviates from the initial program path to some sort of logic condition. The computer repeats the task until a condition is met. Often implemented with For, For Next, While, or Do While statements?
loop
116A _ is used to control the flow within a computer program or script, usually based on some logic condition. Often, these are implemented with IF THEN ELSE statements?
branch
117The _-_-_ backup rotation scheme is widely used to combine full and incremental backups to reduce backup time and enhance storage security. The _ is a full backup that is stored off-site once per month. The _ is a weekly full backup that is conducted. The _ is an incremental or differential backup conducted each day. For example, each Monday a full backup can be conducted which becomes the _. Then, each day of the week a _ is created by performing an incremental or differential backup. Once per month, a full backup is conducted to become the _?
grandfather-father-son
118The ____ backup rule states that an organization should create one primary backup and two copies of the data, save the backups to two different types of media, and keep at least one backup copy off-site?
3-2-1
119The ____ is a backup rotation scheme that rotates backup media sets throughout the backup process to minimize wear and failure of tape backup media. For example, when using this method with four backup tapes labeled A, B, C, and D, a total of 16 days of backups can be maintained with just 4 tapes. Tape A is used every odd-numbered day for 16 days. Tape B is used on days 2, 6, 10, and 14. Tape C is used on days 4 and 12. Tape D is used on days 8 and 16. This allows Tape A to be overwritten every other day, while Tapes B is overwritten every four days and Tapes C and D are overwritten every 8 days.
Tower of Hanoi
120_ _ _is used to prevent malware from damaging a PC by blocking the automatic installation of unauthorized apps and preventing inadvertent changes to system settings?
UAC
121___ is a password-based authentication and password-authenticated key agreement method used in WPA3 that replaced the 4-way handshake used in WPA-based wireless networks. This handshake is also known as the dragonfly handshake.
SAE
122____ means that the company provides the users with a smartphone primarily for work use, but basic functions such as voice calls, messaging, and personal applications are allowed, with some controls on usage and flexibility.
COPE (Corporate Owned, Personally Enabled)
123_ _ is a method employed by many computer anti-virus programs designed to detect previously unknown computer viruses and new variants of viruses already in the wild. This is behavior-based detection and prevention, so it should detect the issue and stop it from spreading throughout the network.
Heuristic analysis
124___ scans are a type of antivirus scan where the AV software intercepts operating system calls to open files to scan the file before allowing or preventing the file from being opened. These scans reduce performance somewhat but are essential to maintaining effective protection against malware. Weekly and daily scans are good to use, but they are not as effective in preventing infections.
On-Access
1255 troubleshooting steps for sluggish performance?
task manager, update, disk space, power saving mode, malware
126What to do when you receive the error "the USB controller does not have enough resources for this device"?
Move the USB to another port