Conservation Bio Midterm

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1
Mission-oriented science focused on preserving biodiversity
Conservation biology
2
What are the 3 components of biodiversity?
All forms of life, levels of organization, and interactions between levels
3
What is the main goal of conservation biology?
Protect biodiversity from human alteration
4
What are the different types of ecological interactions?roma
Predation, mutualism, herbivory, parasitism, and commensalism
5
What are the three main explanations of how population growth impacts biodiversity?
Overpopulation, affluence, and technological advancement
6
Which conservation ethic arose in the mid-1800s and believed in preservation of nature for nature's sake?
Romantic transcendental conservation ethic
7
Which conservation ethic arose in the early 1900s and believed in the efficient use of natural resources for the greatest good?
Resource conservation ethic
8
Which conservation ethic arose in the mid-1900s and believed in integrated systems that humans are a part of?
Evolutionary-ecological land ethic
9
Who held romantic transcendental consservation ethic views?
Emerson, Muir, and Thoreau
10
Who held resource conservation ethic views?
Pinchot
11
Who held evolutionary-ecological land ethic values?
Leopold
12
Biological and chemical processes needed for the survival of species/communities/ecosystems
Functional diversity
13
Variety of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
Ecological diversity
14
Variety of genetic material within a species or population
Genetic diversity
15
Number and abundance of species present in different communities
Species diversity
16
What are the three levels of biodiversity assessment?
Structural, compositional, and functional
17
What are the two different components of diversity?
Number of things and evenness of representation
18
What does species richness indicate?
Number of species present
19
What does Simpson's diversity index indicate?
Species richness corrected for total abundance
20
What does the Shannon-Wiener index indicate?
Uniqueness of species in a sample
21
Which speciation process reduces gene flow between populations via geographical separation?
Allopatric speciation
22
Which speciation process takes place in populations that occur in the same ecosystem?
Sympatric speciation
23
What are the different types of ecosystem services?
Supporting, provisioning, regulating, and cultural
24
Maximum amount of a renewable resource that can be harvested without compromising the future availability of that resource
Maximum sustainable yield
25
What are the four types of economic valuation?
Direct use, indirect use, option, and existence
26
What three things do vulnerability assessments consider?
Sensitivity, exposure, and adaptive capacity
27
Physical arrangements of disturbance and habitat
Structural connectivity
28
Behavioral response of organisms and their ability to use their habitat
Functional connectivity
29
What are the four types of randomness of population viability?
Demographic, environmental, extinction-colonization, regional
30
Steps of the invasion process
Transport, introduction, establishment, spread, impacts
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