1name the compartments of the leg
anterior compartment, lateral compartment, superficial posterior comparment, deep posterior compartment
2muscles of the anterior leg compartment
tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius
3main actions of the anerior leg compartment
dorsiflex ankle joint, extend digits
4nerve supply of the anterior leg compartment muscles of teffnerve
deep fibular nerve
5arteries and veins of the deep leg compartment
anterior tibial artery and vein
6borders of the lateral compartment of the leg
anterior intermuscular septum, posterior intermuscular septum, fibula, crural fascia
7muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg
fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
8main actions of the lateral compartment of the leg
everts subtalar joint, plantarflexes ankle joint
9nerve supply of the lateral compartment of the leg
superficial fibular nerve
10borders of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg
posterior intermuscular septum, transverse intermuscular septum, crural fascia
11main actions of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg
flexes knee joint, plantarflexes ankle joint
12nerve supply of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg
tibial nerve
13muscles in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg
plantaris, gastrocnemius, soleus
14nerve supply of the deep posterior compartment of the leg
tibial nerve
15deep posterior compartment of the leg borders
posterior surface of tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane, transverse intermuscular septum
16main actions of the deep posterior compartment of the leg
plantarflexes ankle joint, flexes digits
17muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg
popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
18name the fascia that holds down the anterior compartment of the tendons of the ankle
superior extensor retinaculum, inferior extensor retinaculum (sideways Y shaped)
19name the fascia that holds down the lateral compartment of the ankle
superior fibular retinaculum, inferior fibular retinaculum
20name the fascia for the deep posterior compartment
flexor retinaculum
21what is the deep fascia of the leg called
crural fascia
22difference between fascia lata and iliotibial tract
fascia lata is deep fascia of the thigh and iliotibial tract is a thickened band of fibres on lateral aspect of fascia lata
23what are the fascia of the sole of the foot called
plantar fascia (deep fascia of the sole of the foot), planatr aponeurosis (thick central band of plantar fascia)
24name the journey of the arteries of the lower limb
beings at abdominal aorta - (bifurcates at L4 vertebra into...) - left and right common iliac arteries - (bifurcate anterior to SIJ into...) - internal iliac and external iliac artery - femoral artery (continuation of the external iliac artery as it passes under the inguinal igament (gives deep artery of the thigh) - (enters the popliteal fossa, where it is renamed to the popliteal artery) - popliteal artery divides into anterior tibial artery and posterior tibial artery - anterior tibial artery renamed the dorsalis pedis artery, posterior tibial artery has a branche named fibular artery but posterior tibial artery has terminal branches called the medial and lateral plantar arteries that supply blood supply with the dorsalis pedis artery to the foot
25name the superifical veins of the lower limb
greater saphenous vein and small saphenous vein
26lower limb deep vein summary
Dorsal venous network drains into anterior tibial vein - Medial and lateral plantar veins unite to form the posterior tibial vein - Fibular vein drains into the posterior tibial vein - Anterior and posterior tibial veins unite to form the popliteal
vein, within the popliteal fossa (Small Saphenous Vein - The lateral continuation of the dorsal venous arch. Found within the subcutaneous tissue, in posterolateral aspect of leg. Empties into popliteal vein within the popliteal fossa) - Popliteal vein passes through the adductor hiatus and is renamed the femoral vein - Femoral vein passes up through the adductor canal and into the femoral triangle (Great Saphenous Vein - The medial continuation of the dorsal venous arch. Found within the subcutaneous tissue, in anteromedial aspect of the leg and thigh. Drains into the femoral vein within the femoral triangle) - Femoral vein passes beneath the inguinal ligament and is renamed the external iliac vein
27Name the branches of the lumbar plexus and their spinal levels and where the exit the psoas major
laterally - Iliohypogastric Nerve (L1), Ilioinguinal Nerve (L1), Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh (L2,3), Femoral Nerve (L2,3,4
anteriorly - Genitofemoral Nerve (L1,2)
medially - Obturator Nerve (L2,3,4), Lumbosacral Trunk (L4,5)
28what region does the iliophygastric nerve supply
supplies skin of suprapubic region
29what region does the ilioinguinal nerve supply
supplies skin of inguinal region
30what region does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply
supplies the skin of lateral thigh
31what region does the femoral nerve supply
supplies most anterior thigh muscles
32what region does the genitofemoral nerve supply
genital branch: supplies skin of external genitalia
femoral branch: supplies skin over hte anterosuperior thigh
33what region does the obturator nerve supply
supplies most of the medial thigh muscles and cutaneous supply of medial thigh
34main group actions for anterior thigh muscles
flex hip joint, extend knee joint
35main group action for medial thigh muscles
adducts hip joint
36posterior thigh muscles main group actions
extend hip joint, flex knee joint
37name the spinal levels of the lower limb and movements tested with them
L2 - Hip flexion
L3 - Knee extension
L4 - Knee extension or ankle dorsiflexion
L5 - 1st toe (hallux) extension
S1 - Ankle plantarflexion
38name the knee bursas
suprapatellar bursa, subcutaneous prepatellar bursa, subcutaenous infrapatellar bursa, deep infrapatellar bursa
39superior tibiofibular joint (type, movement, ligaments)
plane synovial joint
slight gliding movement during dorsiflexion of ankle
anterior ligament of the fibular head, posterior ligament of the fibular head
40inferior tibiofibular joint (type, movement ligaments)
fibrous joint (syndesmosis)
built for stability, only slight movment during dorsiflexion of ankle
Interosseous ligament (deep between the bones), anterior tibiofibular ligament, posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament, inferior transverse tibiofibular ligament
41femoral triangle (superior, medial, lateral borders, contents)
superior border - inguinal ligament
medial border - adductor longus
lateral border - sartorius muscles
contents - the femoral nerve, femoral artery and vein and a deep inguinal lymph node
42adductor canal (borders, contents)
sartorious muscles, vastus medialis muscle, adductor longus and adductor mangus muscle
contents - femoral artery and vein, saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis
43contents of the adductor hiatus
femoral artery and vein
44popliteal fossa (borders and contents)
- Superolateral border is the biceps femoris
- Superomedial border is the semimembranosus and semitendinosus
- Inferolateral border is the lateral head of gastrocnemius
- Inferomedial border is the medial head of gastrocnemius
Contents - popliteal artery and vein, termination of the small saphenous vein, tibial nerve, common fibular nerve, posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh, popliteal lymph nodes and vessels
45name the ligaents of the knee
LCL
MCL
Patellar tendon (patellar ligament)
ACL
PCL
Medial meniscus
Lateral meniscus
46knee joint (type, movements)
modified hinge type synovial joint
flexion and extension, medial and lateral rotation when knee is flexed
47sacroiliac joint (type, movements)
part plane synovial joint, part syndesmosis (fibrous joint)
slight translation
48name the sacroiliac joint ligaments
anterior sacroiliac ligaments
posterior sacroiliac ligaments
sacrospinous ligaments
sacrotuberous ligaments
interosseous sacroiliac ligaments
greater sciatic foreamen
lesser sciatic foreamen
49hip joint blood supply and nerve supply
blood supply - medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries. Artery to the head of the femur
nerve supply - femoral nerve, obturator nerve, superior gluteal nerve
50hip joint (type, movements, ligaments)
synovial ball and socket joint
movements - flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, medial/lateral rotation (neutral or at 90 degrees of hip flexion)
ligaments - iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral