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Perfume

61 flashcardsby Ash
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1
What is perfume?
A fragrant composition crafted from aromatic ingredients, evoking emotions and enhancing personal fragrances with captivating scents.
2
What is the latin word for perfume and what does it mean?
per fumum; through smoke
3
Refer to the differnt scents that re combined to create a fragrance, such as floral, woody, or citrus notes
perfume notes
4
3 basic components of perfume
top notes, heart/middle notes, base notes
5
Describe the 3 basic components of perfume
top notes- the initial scent after applying perfume
heart/ middle notes- main body of the fragrance, scent after top notes fade
base notes- the deep lasting scent after perfume dries down
6
This determines the strength and longevity of a fragrance, ranging from parfum to eau de cologne
Perfume concentration levels
7
5 Types of perfume based on concentration
Parfum (extrait de parfum), eau de parfum, eau de toilette, eau de cologne, eau fraiche
8
Type of perfume that has 20-30% fragrance oil, and how long does it last?
parfum; 6-8 hours
9
Type of perfume that has 15-20% fragrance oil, and how long does it last?
eau de parfum; 4-5 hours
10
Type of perfume that has 5-15% fragrance oil, and how long does it last?
eau de toilette; 2-4 hours
11
Type of perfume that has 2-5% fragrance oil, and how long does it last?
eau de cologne; up to 2 hours
12
Type of perfume that has 1-3% fragrance oil, and how long does it last?
eau fraiche; up to an hour
13
How does perfume work?
Evaporation; as the volatile compounds evaporate, they release different notes over time, creating the layered scent experience
14
4 raw material in perfume making
Natural ingredients, synthetic ingredients, fixatives, solvents and bases
15
extracted from plants, animals, and resins
natural ingredients
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3 Ways to extract natural ingredients
distillation, cold pressing, solvent extraction
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examples of natural ingredients
floral extracts, citrus extracts, spices and herbs, woody and resinous materials, animalic substances, gopurmand ingredients
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These materials are created in labs
synthetic ingredients
19
why are synthetic materials made?
imitate natural scents, create entirely new scents
20
5 examples of synthetic ingredients
aldehydes, calones, Iso E super, cetalox, vanillin
21
Help the scent last longer by slowing down the evaporation of the lighter notes
fixatives
22
4 examples of fixatives
benzoin, orris root, musk, resins
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These help dissolve and spread the fragrance
Solvents and base
24
examples of solvents and bases
alcohol, oil, water
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Method in perfume making
1. extraction, 2. blending the ingredients, 3. aging, 4. quality control
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6 checkpoints in perfume making
olfactory testing, stability and shelf life, appearance and color, pH and chemical composition, performance, packaging
27
professional "noses" (perfumers) conduct smell tests at differnt stages of production
olfactory testing
28
4 stuff under olfactory testing
top, heart and base notes; intensity; longevity; sillage
29
each layer should emerge as intended
top, heat and base notes
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the strength of the scent should match the product's concentration
intensity
31
the scent should last as expected based on the perfume type
longevity
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how the scent projects from the skin
sillage
33
perfumes are tested under various environmental conditions to check their staibility over time
stability and shelf life
34
4 stuff under stability and shelf life
temperature resistance, light sensitivity, oxidation, microbial resistance
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Should not degrade or change scent under heat or cold
temperature resistance
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shouldn't discolor or lose intensity when expose to light
light sensitivity
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no change in smell or color due to exposure to air
oxidation
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no bacterial or fungal growth should occur
microbial resistance
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4 stuff under appearance and color
clarity, color consistency, sediment-free, bottle quality
40
perfume should be clear, not cloudy (unless oil based)
clarity
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color should remain stable over time
color consistency
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no particles or separation should occur
sediment-free
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no leakage or defects in the glass or sprayer
bottle quality
44
4 stuff under pH and chemical composition
pH level, alcohol content, solubility, no allergens or irritants
45
should remain stable and within a certain range of for skin compatibility in terms of being acidic or basic
pH level
46
What is the accepted pH range for perfumes?
4.5-7.5
47
should match the intended concentration in the type of perfume
alcohol content
48
all ingredients should dissolve uniformly with no separation
solubility
49
should not cause skin reactions or irritation
no allergens or irritants
50
4 stuff under performance
longevity, projection, dry down, evaporation curve
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the scent should last as long as intended fro the perfume type
longevity
52
should match the expected sillage
projection
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the base notes should remain after the top and heart notes evaporate
dry down
54
the transition from top to base notes should be smooth and balanced
evaporation curve
55
4 stuff under packaging
bottle integrity, sprayer functionality, labeling, sealing
56
no leaks, crack or defects
bottle integrity
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should spray evenly without clogging
sprayer functionality
58
ingredients, expiration date and batch number should be accurate and readable
labeling
59
should be properly sealed to prevent contamination or evaporation
sealing
60
Types of primary packaging in perfume
plastic, wood, glass
61
Secondary packaging type
cardboard
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