1A system of vocal sounds and/or nonverbal systems by which group members communicate with one another
Language
2The ability to speak two languages
Bilingualism
3When the second language replaces the first
Subtractive Bilingualism
4Development of second language with no detriment to the first
Additive Bilingualism
5Generally refers to how you say words or how you sound when you speak
Accent
6Some people have _______ where they speak one language but use some of the rules and sounds of another
Foreign Accents
7Some people have _______ where how they speak is determined by where they live and their group association
Native language accents
8A form of language specific to a particular region or social group
Dialect
9________ is one of the best-known dialects spoken in the United States
African American Vernacular English (AAVE)
10_________ is used by the majority of individuals with deafness in the US and Canada
American Sign Language (ASL)
11The discriminatory treatment towards people considered to be physically unattractive
Lookism
12Students who do not speak English and whose English limitations impede their ability to fully participate in mainstream English instruction
English Language Learners (ELL)
13Constitutional amendment introduced in 1980s by Senator S.I. Hayakawa prohibiting laws requiring the use of non-English languages
Official English Controversy
14Involves the use of two languages for the purpose of instruction
Bilingual Education
15Landmark class action lawsuit, ruled that there was no educational equality in simply providing students with facilities if students could not understand language of instruction
Lau v Nichols (1974)
16Most bilingual programs are ______
Transitional
17Provides both native English speakers and English learners with general academic instruction in two languages
Dual-Language Immersion Programs
18Instruction relies exclusively on English for teaching and learning
English as a Second Language (ESL)
19Requires all ELL students to be educated in sheltered English immersion programs, normally not to exceed one year
California Proposition 227 (Unz Amendment)
20States that Congress is prohibited from making laws establishing a religion or prohibiting religious worship
First Amendment
21Make up around 48% of the US population and influences society and institutions
Protestantism
22Religious truth is determined by the individual
Liberal Protestants
23Believe the Bible is without error with string emphasis on personal morality
Conservative Protestants
24Those who see as a necessity conversion or being born again
Evangelicals
25One denomination under a Pope
Catholicism
26One of the oldest religions and is the root of Christianity
Judaism
27______ affords more equality to women, allowing them participate in public worship and serve as rabbis
Reform Judaism
28_______ tends to firmly embrace Jewish law pertaining to diet and dress
Orthodox Judaism
29_________ tends to be more conservative than Reform Jews but more liberal than Orthodox Jews
Conservative Judaism
30Jews are annually subjected to more hate crimes than any other religious group
Antisemitism
31One of the fastest-growing religions in the U.S. and world
Islam
32A climate of _________ developed in U.S. following 9/11
Islamophobia
33________ comprise the majority of Islam, Believe that rightful leadership and its succession began with Abu Bakr
Sunni Muslims
34Believe that succession of leadership flows from Muhammad to Ali
Shiite Muslims
35________ have a fundamental negative attitude towards life and existence
Buddhists
36________ is the major religion of India.
Hinduism
37__________ is typically defined as ages 18 to 24
Young Adulthood
38Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caregiver that results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation, or an act or failure to act that presents an imminent risk of harm.
Child abuse
39The use of intentional force, such as hitting, kicking, shaking, burning, or other show of force
Physical abuse
40Failure to meet a child’s basic needs. These needs include housing, food, clothing, education, and access
to medical care.
Neglect
41Refers to behaviors that harm a child’s self-worth or emotional well-being (e.g., name calling, shaming,
threatening)
Emotional Abuse
42 Involves engaging a child in sexual acts. It includes fondling, rape, and exposing a child to sexual activity
Sexual abuse
43The study of the language of black people in all its cultural uniqueness.
Ebonics
44A language that combines English with local languages to help people who don't share a common language communicate
Pidgin English
45The act of conveying a message without using words
Nonverbal Communication