1Mcculloch v. Maryland (1819)
Principle- Elastic Clause/ Supremacy Clause
Holding- Established supremacy of the US Constitution and federal laws over state laws
2Principle- Article III Judicial Review
Holding- Established the principle of judicial review empowering the Supreme Court to nullify an act of the legislative or executive branch that violates the Constitution.
Marbury v. Madison
3Schenck v. U.S
Principle- 1st amendment freedom of speech
Holding- Speech creating a "clear and present danger" is not protected by the First Amendment
4Brown v. Board of Education
Principle- 14th amendment Equal Protection
Holding- Race based school segregation violates the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment
5Mapp v. Ohio
Established exclusionary rule; illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court
6
Principle- 14th amendment Equal Protection
Holding -Drawing lines around state electoral districts can be reviewed by courts because the political question doctrine does not apply.
Baker v. Carr
7Engel v. Vitale
School sponsorship of religious activities violates the establishment clause of the First Amendment
8Gideon v. Wainwright
Principle- 6th amendment right to counsel
holding - Guaranteed the right to an attorney for the poor or indigent
9upon arrest, a suspect has the right to remain silent and the right to consult with a lawyer ( 5th and 6th amendment)
Miranda v. Arizona
10Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
Principle- First Amendment freedom of speech
Holding- protections extend to students in public schools, educational authorities who want to censor speech will need to show that permitting the speech would significantly interfere with the discipline needed for the school to function.
11New York Times Co. v. United States
Principle- The First Amendment ( freedom of press)
Holding- Establishes a “heavy presumption against prior restraint” even in cases involving national security
12Principle- 1st amendment Free Exercise Clause
Holding -Compelling Amish students to attend school past the eighth grade violates the free exercise clause of the First Amendment
Wisconsin v. Yoder
13Shaw v. Reno
Legislative redistricting must be conscious of race and comply with the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the Equal Protection Clause
14United States v. Lopez
Principle- Commerce Clause
Holding- Congress may not use the commerce clause to make possession of a gun in a school zone a federal crime
It is under the authority of the states.
15Political spending by corporations, associations, and labor unions is a form of protected speech under the First Amendment
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission