1Amendments
Changes to the original document
2Republicanism
The practice of limited gov with elected representatives serving at the will of people.
3Pluralism
A suggestion that power is spread among many different interest groups competing against each other.
4Enumerated powers
Explains what laws congress can make
5Elastic Cause
The final enumerated power says that congress has the authority to make laws that are not specifically stated in the constitution.
6Jurisdiction
The authority that each court has to hear certain kinds of cases.
7Judicial Review
The courts ability to interpret the constitution and overturn laws that violate the constitution.
8Incorporation Doctrine
An interpretation of the constitution that means the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment requires state and local govs to guarantee their citizens the rights states in the bill of rights.
9Probable Cause
A reasonable basis to believe a person for premises is linked to a crime.
10Eminent Domain
The power to take private property for public use.
11Impeach
To formally accuse federal officials- including the president
12Supremacy Clause
If a federal court decides that a provision or amendment of a stated constitution is in conflict with the us constitution or federal laws, it must be removed.
13Federalism
Two or more govs exercise power over the same people and same territory
14Direct representation
A form of representative democracy where voters can vote for any canidate in the lane, and each representative's vote is weighted in proportion to the number of citizens who have chosen that canidate to represent them.
15Delegated Powers
Powers the constitution grants or delegates to the national gov.
16Expressed Powers
The powers directly expressed or states in the constitution by the founders.
17Implied Powers
The national govs powers that are NOT stated SPECIFICALLY in the constitution
18Reserved Powers
The states powers to conduct elections, establish and support local schools, and regulate business and trade within the state.
19Concurrent Powers
Certain powers that the federal gov and the states share. And each level of gov exercises these powers independently.
20Enabling Act
Allows the people of the territory interested in becoming state to prepare a constitution.
21Federal Grants
Sums of money given to the state for specific purposes.
22Mandates
A law that requires states to take on an activity or provide a service that meets minumum national standards.
23Interstate Compacts
A written agreement between two states.
24Public Policy
When a government settles on a course of action.
25Sunset Law
A provision in a law that sets an automatic end date for that law.
26Sunshine Law
Prohibits public officials from holding official meetings that are closed to the public.
27Commerce
Almost any activity connected with producing, buying, selling and transporting goods across state lines.
28States' rights position
One view favors state and local govs taking the lead on dealing with policy problems.
29Nationalist Position
A second view favors national action in dealing with these matters.