The Nervous System

head

state of equilibrium

cerebellum

cerebrum

outer layer or covering

cranium, skull

brain

welling, knot

glue

water

Morbid action to OR impulse toward

Membrane

referring to the mind

memory

nerve or nerve tissue

slight paralysis

speech

fear

paralysis

mind

to spilt

spine

Nerve tissue fundmental unit

specialized cells to protect the neurons and nerve tissue

an organelle found in the central region of the cell body contains genetic material

project outward the cell body, act as antennae that receives and transmit messages between the neuron and muscles, skin, other neurons, or glands.

conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body.

white fatty material that provides protection and isolation for axons.

the gaps that connect neurons or neurons and muscles.

the chemical stimulus between two nerve cells.

groups of neuron cell bodies within the PNS

groups of neuron cell bodies within the CNS

groupings of axons, wherever they occur in the body.

portion of CNS, that is found within the vertebrae that conducts nerve impulses to and from the brain and the body.

the membrane that surrounds the spinal cord and brain

the outer layer of meninges, which is a dense collection of collagen fibres.

middle layer of meninges, which is thin, delicate and web-like.

the inner layer of meninges, which is in direct contact with nerve tissue.

colourless liquid that circulates in and around the brain and spinal cord that transports nutrients.

includes 12 pairs (24) of cranial nerves and 31 pairs (62) of spinal nerves that run along the periphery of the body.

Convey directions from the CNS to the PNS, and carry information from the PNS back to the CNS.

Head injury that can produce skull fractures, hemorrhage, swelling, and direct damage to the brain itself. it can be relatively mild, involving bruises to brain tissues, or it can be severe, causing tissue destruction and massive swelling.

cause: violent shaking or hit to the head. symptoms: temporary loss of consciousness, short period of amnesia (loss of memory), dizziness, nausea (feeling the urge to vomit), and headache.

description: blood collects between dura mater and the skull. cause: skull fracture or hit to the head. symptoms: pressure on the blood vessels and interrupting blood flow to the brain.

Description: collection of blood trapped in the subdural place, the area beneath the dura mater (arachnoid mater). cause: hit to the front or the back of the head.

injury to the blood vessels

interruption of oxygen caused by blood vessels blockage or rupture.

temporary interruption in the blood supply to the brain, it can be an indicator for serious problems and be a forewarning of a stroke.

An aneurysm is localized dilation (widening) of an artery caused by weakness in the vessel wall.

lesions (region of an organ that are damaged) or neoplasm that may cause localized dysfunction, producing an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP). Tumors may be benign or malignant.

it's important to stay within its normal range as high ICP usually leads to death if it's not relieved

tumor drived from star-shaped type of neuroglia called astrocyte.

tumor derived from the meninges surrounding the brain and the spinal cord.

progressive deterioration (become progressively worse) of the nervous tissue that affects body.

a progressive degenerative disease with symptoms caused by demyelination (a patchy loss of myelin sheath)

usually develops after the age of 60 and occurs with the loss of neurotransmitter dopamine (ND), this can affect posture, speech, balance and other activities of daily life.

atrophy of the cerebral cortex, producing a progressive loss of intellectual functions.

occurs when there's abnormal, uncontrolled burst of electrical activity in the brain, may result from trauma, tumors. fevers, medications or other causes.

chronic disorder characterized by recurrent seizures that result from the excessive discharge of neurons in the brain.

some of it is related to the nervous system. They may be caused by physical change, substance abuse, medications, or any combination of thereof.

feeling of uneasiness associated with anticipation of danger.

loss of interest or pleasure in activities.

unusual shift in moods,energy and activities.

abnormal thoughts, hallucinations, delusions and withdrawal.

non invasive radiologic test that uses a computer to produce cross-sectional images of the soft-tissue structure of the brain and spinal cord. this procedure can reveal problems such as brain tumours and aneurysms.

it uses radio waves and a very strong magnetic field to produce images of the neural soft tissues. it's used to visualize disease-related changes in the brain or spinal cord that conventionally x-ray procedure cannot detect. MRI is able to isolate damaged areas of the brain caused by MS.

measurement of electrical activity in the brain. it's used to document increasing electrical activity of the brain caused by seizures.

requires needle insertion into the sub subarachnoid space (between the arachnoid mater and pia mater) between third and fourth or fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae to withdrawn CSF for analysis.