Microbiology: Acellular Microbes

These are known as living microbes

Acellular microbes:

Study of living organisms

Known as Nonliving microbes

Is the study of microbes, which are extremely smal living and certain nonlicing entities

Microbes present on and in our bodies

T/F: All members of indigenous microbiota are opportunistic pathogens.

Father of Microbiology

Developed the pasteurization process

Discovered that Bacillus anthracis produced spores

Father of Chemotherapy

Handwashing standards

Developed Gram stain

Developed several vaccines, including rabies and anthrax vaccines

Developed experiments showing that bacteria can get DNA through a process called transformation

Discovered penicillin

Iconic figure in epidemiology and public health

Father of Immunology

Discovered life forms that could exist without oxygen

German physisician who made numerous contributions to microbiology

Discovery of the first magic bullet

Famous for his discovery of the smallpox vaccine

Developed the use of carbolic acid as an antiseptic in surgery

Salvarsan:

This type of cell reproduce by binary fission

Examples of prokaryotic cell, except

No distinct cell walls

Main constituent of most bacterial cell walls

This type of bacteria has thick layer of peptidoglycan

T/F: Mycoplasm spp. do not have a cell wall.

Mycoplasma spp are known as

Streptococci:

Staphylococci

Shape of cell that is/are motile

When the bacteria end up being blue to pink

Counter stain in gram staing

Present in a Gram-positive bacteria cell wall

When a bacteria end up being pink to red

Are nonphotosynthetic organism

Known as the "garbage disposers" of nature

Stages of Protozoan life cycle

The motile, feeding and dividing stage

The nonmotile, dormant and survival stage

T/F: Some protozoa are parasites

T/F: Fungi are not plants.

Fungi cell walls contain a polysaccharide called

The infectious diseases caused by moulds are called

Fungal infections of the outermost areas of the human body

In what layer of the skin are cutaneous mycoses infect

A group of moulds referred to as dermatophytes cause what kind of infection?

Examples of deep-seated pulmonary infections

T/F: Few fungi can live as either yeasts or moulds, depending on growth conditions, a phenomen known as plymorphism.

When a dimorphic fungi are grown in vitro at body temp. (37 degrees celsius), they grow as

When a dimorphic fungi are grown in vitro at room temp. (25 degrees celsius), they grow as

Organisms that are composed of an alga and fungus

These are found in soil and on rotting logs

T/F Lichen and Slime Moulds are both classified as protists.

They have both fungals and protozoal characteristics

T/F: Partially complete virus particles are called virions

T/F: Oncoviruses, cause specific type of cancer

Some virus have an outer enveloped composed of:

A typical virion consists of genome of

A protein coat surrounding a virus

T/F: Viruses are able to replicate on their own

Picornviruses

Rotaviruses

Oncoviruses

Coronaviruses

Parvoviruses

Hepadnaviruses

Example of a liquid media

Example of a semi-solid media

Example of solid media

T/F: Aerobic media requires oxygen.

Blood Agar

Peptone water

Dubos Media

Type of agar selective for Gram-negative bacteria, differentiates lactose fermenters

Type of agar selective for Gram-negative bacteria

Type of agar selectiv efor Gram-negative enteric bacteria

Type of agar selective for Gram-positive halophilic bacteria

This agar contains bovaine blood

The use of extreme temperatures to kill microorganisms

The use of high or low salt concentrations to inhibit microbial growth

Exposure of microorganisms to radiation to kill them

Chemicals used to disinfect inanimate objects

Chemicals that reduce microbial numbers to a safe level.

Synthetic chemicals used therapeutically to control microbial growth.

Common mechanisms of action of antimicrobial agents, except

Mannitol fermenters staphylococci turns in what color?

MOA of Vancomycin:

MOA of Sulfanilamide:

Rifampin targets what specific process in cell division

Streptomycin targets what specific process in cell division

Erythromycin binds to what subunit, which prevents translocation-movement of ribosome along mRNA

Generation of Cephalosporins that has broad spectrum and more active against memebers of the Enterobacteriaceae family and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Have good activity against gram-positive bacteria and relatively modest activity against gram-negative bacteria.

T/F: Antifungal agents and antiprotozoal agents tend to be more toxic to the patient.

Antifungal drugs that interferes with egosterol synthesis

Antiprotozoal drugs that interferes with protozoal metabolism

Drugs that are difficult to develop because of its source which is within host cells

Deworm for dogs

NIclosamide:

T/F: Every penicillin and cephalosporin molecule contains a double-ringed structure.

Drug companies develpoed special drugs that combine a beta-lactam antibiotics with a beta-lactamaseinhibitor, ecxept:

This is the first immunological mechanism for fighting against intruding pathogens.

Cells that can engulf and digest microorganism and other foreign substances

Proteins produced by B cells that specificallu bind to pathogens

Is antigen-dependent and antigen specific; it has the capacity for memory

Specialized cells involved in adaptive immunity, including T cells and B cells

Cells involved in immune response otiginate from