1It's a software that's used by a consumer after signing a EULA agreement.
Application Software
2It's a method in which similar attributes between two items are identified.
Abstraction
3It's the physical part that makes up a computer or mechanical device.
Hardware
4It's the digital program or set of programs that are coded on to a computer or device.
Software
5Bit is a short form for...
Binary Digit
6is used to represent the smallest measure of data as 0s and 1s. It's used to describe data transmission speeds.
Bit
7It's a term used to describe storage space and is made up of 8 bits.
Byte
8RFID stands for...
radio Frequency Identification
9Devices equipped with it release radio waves which can be used to track down and/or identify the device.
RFID
10CPU stands for...
Central Processing Unit
11in charge of controlling whatever functions that are carried out on the computer. It takes, deciphers, carries out, and stores the commands it receives.
Microprocessor (CPU)
12CPUs are measured in...
GHz
13GHz stands for...
Gigahertz
14CPU clock speeds are measured in...
Hz
16It's a device that allows you to connect to the internet.
Modem
17It's a device that forwards the internet connection from the modem to the devices connected to it.
Router
18BIOS stands for...
Basic Input Output System
19acts as a computer's startup commands.
BIOS
20It's storage or data that lasts until the device is turned off.
Volatile
21It's storage or data that's permanently stored.
Nonvolatile
22It's a processor that contains 1 core per processor.
Dual Core Processor
23It's a processor that contains 2 cores per processor.
Quad Core Processor
24RAM stands for...
Random Access Memory
25is used to act as temporary memory for a computer while it's powered on. It's also upgradable.
RAM
262 Types of RAM are...
DRAM & SRAM
27DRAM stands for...
Dynamic RAM
28SRAM stands for...
Static RAM
29needs to be recharged thousands of times per second to work; cheaper than SRAM
DRAM
30doesn't need to be refreshed and is faster; more expensive than DRAM.
SRAM
31ROM stands for...
Read-Only Memory
32is responsible for holding a computer's BIOS. It's non-volatile and can't be changed.
ROM
33It's a type of memory that's often used by the CPU and is faster than RAM but holds less storage than RAM.
- Can't be upgraded
Cache
34Where is the cache located?
Near or as a part of the CPU
35It's a type of memory that's actively used by CPU to hold data temporarily.
Primary Storage
36Example of Primary Storage
RAM, cache
37It's a type of memory that's used by the CPU when the data it's looking for isn't found in the primary storage.
- Stores data permanently.
Secondary Storage
38Examples of Secondary Storage
HDDs, floppy disks, optical drives
39USB stands for...
Universal Serial Bus
40is a common port that's found in most devices today
USB
41It's when you gain data at random points in time.
Random access
42It's when the only way to gain data is by going through a sequential route of data points. It's the reverse of random access.
Sequential access
43refer to the peripheral devices that can be connected to a computer.
I/O devices
44I/O
Input/Output Devices
45Examples of Input Devices
Mouse, Keyboard, Controller, Scanner, CD-ROM Drive
46Examples of Output Devices
Monitor, Printer
47They're external or internal devices used to connect to a computer.
Peripherals
48They act as the link between physical devices or the programs and the computer's OS.
Device Drivers
49It's a set of code that duplicates itself and is used to actively disrupt its processes or take sensitive information from a computer system.
Virus
50It's a set of code that duplicates itself and is used to harm or disrupt the computer system.
Worm
51It's a set of code that hides itself as a legitimate program while carrying out whatever task it was programmed to do.
Trojan Horse
52OS stands for...
Operating System
53a set of programs made to act as the connection between the physical components and software on a device.
OS
54What is the difference between ROM and RAM?
ROM & RAM stand for different things. ROM can't be rewritten or upgraded and is nonvolatile, which is the opposite of RAM.
55How does RAM affect a computer's performance?
The more RAM you have, the more you'll be able to multitask.
56How many Bytes in a Gigabyte? in a Kilobyte?
Gigabyte = 2^30 bytes
Kilobyte = 2^10 bytes
57List from smallest to largest: kilobyte, megabyte, byte, bit, terabyte, gigabyte.
bit, byte, kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, terabyte
58Alice has 600 MB of data. Bob has 2000 MB of data. Will it all fit on Alice's 4 GB thumb drive? (from Stanford article)
600 MB + 2000 MB = 2600 MB
2600 MB * 0.001 = 2.6 GB
Yes, it can fit.
59Alice has 200 small images, each of which is 600 KB. How much space do they take up overall in MB?
200 * 600 KB = 120000 * 0.001 = 120 MB
60How is data represented in a computer?
bits
61What is the job of the Operating System?
To control and manage memory, programs, peripherals and any files on the computer
62Examples of 3 Operating Systems
Windows 11, Android, iOS
63When we refer to an operating system, are we referring to hardware or software?
A Software
64List from most general (most abstract) to most specific (least abstract): USB flash drive, byte, secondary storage.
byte, Secondary storage, USB flash drive
65List from most general (most abstract) to most specific (least abstract): Microsoft Office, Software, Excel.
Software, Microsoft Office, Excel
66Look at a few Technical Specifications listed below. Explain as much as you can about each of them.
Apple M1 Pro chip
CPU made by Apple
67Look at a few Technical Specifications listed below. Explain as much as you can about each of them.
200GB/s memory bandwidth
transfer rate of data to and from the memory
68Look at a few Technical Specifications listed below. Explain as much as you can about each of them.
2.6GHz 6-core 9th-generation Intel Core i7 processor, Turbo Boost up to 4.5GHz
Clock speed, max CPU speed, and edition number of an intel processor
69Look at a few Technical Specifications listed below. Explain as much as you can about each of them.
16GB unified memory
16 GB of RAM or volatile storage
70Look at a few Technical Specifications listed below. Explain as much as you can about each of them.
512GB SSD storage
512 GB of Solid State Drive stoage
71Look at a few Technical Specifications listed below. Explain as much as you can about each of them.
Retina display
High definition display made by Apple
72Look at a few Technical Specifications listed below. Explain as much as you can about each of them.
Thunderbolt 4 ports
Port used to transmit data with a thunderbolt adapter
73Look at a few Technical Specifications listed below. Explain as much as you can about each of them.
Touch ID
fingerprint identification
74Look at a few Technical Specifications listed below. Explain as much as you can about each of them.
24MB Cache, up to 5.0 GHz
24 MB of volatile memory with a speed of 5 GHz
75How are the modem and router connected?
A modem connects your wifi to the internet while the router forwards that internet connection to the devices connected to the wifi.
76ISP stands for...
Internet Service Provider
77in charge of providing you an internet connection from your location in return for your payment.
ISP
78It's the worldwide web of digital data points and addresses that are used to broadcast and create data on a daily basis.
Internet
79What is RAM measured in?
GB
80How much RAM is considered reasonable?
16 - 64 GB
81What is hard drive capacity measured in?
GB or TB
82How much hard drive capacity is considered reasonable?
512 GB - 1 TB
83What is processor speed measured in?
In GHz
84How much processor speed is considered reasonable?
2 GHz - 3 GHz
85Differences between an SSD & HDD
SSDs are faster, quieter, more energy efficient, has no moving parts, and is more expensive than HDDs.
86data that's generated with existing data.
Metadata
87List and briefly describe 5 ways how websites know who you are. (BTB)
Social Media, GPS, Online website tracking and purchases, Bank history
88What was Edward Snowden's claim to fame (BTB)?
He revealed the U.S.'s massive surveillance over the entire country and it's citizens.
89EDR stands for...
event data recorder
90used to record all data involving cars in the event of a car crash or accident.
EDR
91How might EDR affect your privacy?
The data can expose and record your driving habits and history without your permission or knowledge
92What is meant by "There are two Big Brothers that often work together." (BTB)
Government and industries in charge of monitoring, analyzing, and presenting information about people and what they do
93- Made in 1974; stated that no official agency was allowed to give away info regarding a person without their permission
- If they do have their information given away, they can sue them in civil court.
Privacy Act
94TIA stands for...
Total Information Awareness
95- Was made as a project to gather as much data and metadata of everyone after the events of 9/11 that could have been prevented if the info they had had been connected
TIA
96to remove all identifying information from a piece of data.
deidentified
97List and briefly describe 5 ways how websites know who you are. (BTB)
Account logins
Leftover cookies
Record of your IP address
Information from social media
Data collected about you through websites
98text files that hold information that can be used for whenever you go to visit a website again
Cookies
99What does your FACEBOOK history tell you about where you have been or what you have searched for/watched online?
Facebook history can show posts of you & the people you know and their locations through geotagging. Not to mention, data about what you search to determine what you might be interested in. While you may be given a brief warning of the data collection, it's often done inconspicously and without thought for privacy.
100visual artifact
are anomalies apparent during visual representation as in digital graphics and other forms of imagery