B1

What is placed on a thin piece of glass to hold a specimen for a light microscope?

What is sometimes needed if a specimen is colourless to help identify organelles?

What is placed on top of a slide to protect the lens?

Where is a microscope slide mounted?

What part of a light microscope shines constant light on the slide?

Which lens is found closest to the specimen on a microscope?

What further magnifies the image after the objective lens?

What is magnification defined as?

What is the formula for the magnification of an object?

What is the formula for the total magnification of a microscope?

What is resolution defined as?

Between what two values must the number be when using standard form to compare sizes?

What are some advantages of light microscopes?

What are some disadvantages of light microscopes?

What is the resolution of a standard light microscope?

What is the maximum magnification strength of a light microscope?

What do electron microscopes use instead of light to form images?

Which electron microscope creates 3D images at a lower resolution?

What is the resolution and magnification of a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)?

Which electron microscope creates 2D images detailing organelles at a much higher resolution?

What is the resolution and magnification of a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)?

What are some disadvantages of electron microscopes?

Which cell structure contains genetic material and codes for a particular protein?

What membrane encloses the nucleus?

What is the liquid substance in plant and animal cells where chemical reactions occur?

What are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of reaction called?

What structure contains receptor molecules to identify and selectively control what enters and leaves the cell?

Where do aerobic respiration reactions occur, providing energy for the cell?

Where does protein synthesis occur in a cell?

On what structure are ribosomes often found?

Where does photosynthesis take place in plant cells?

What pigment found in chloroplasts makes plants green and harvests light?

What does the permanent vacuole contain?

What structure helps improve a plant cell's rigidity?

What is the plant cell wall made from?

What compound makes up the cell wall in prokaryotic cells like bacteria?

How is DNA structured in prokaryotic cells?

What are the small rings of DNA found in prokaryotic cells called?

What does DNA stand for?

What is the physical structure of DNA?

What are the individual molecules called that join up to make a long DNA strand?

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

What are the four organic bases in DNA?

Which base does cytosine (C) always pair with?

Which base does adenine (A) always pair with?

What does each group of three bases code for?

What are structures made up of long molecules of DNA called?

Why is DNA unable to leave the nucleus during protein synthesis?

What does mRNA stand for?

What process creates a template strand of mRNA from DNA?

Where does the template strand of mRNA move to after leaving the nucleus?

What process involves bases on mRNA being read in threes at the ribosomes to code for amino acids?

What brings corresponding amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis?

What shape does a complete protein form when its amino acid chain folds?

What are biological catalysts that increase the rate of reaction without being used up?

What uniquely shaped region on an enzyme is where the substrate binds?

What hypothesis describes how an enzyme and substrate specifically fit together like a lock and key?

What is formed when a substrate binds to an enzyme's complementary active site?

What is the approximate optimum temperature for human enzymes?

What happens to an enzyme when it becomes too hot and its bonds break?

What is the optimum pH for most enzymes?

What supplies ATP to cells through an exothermic reaction occurring in every living cell?

Which type of respiration uses oxygen and yields the most energy?

Where do most reactions of aerobic respiration occur?

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

When is anaerobic respiration used as a last resort in animals?

What is the product of anaerobic respiration in animals?

What is anaerobic respiration called in plant and yeast cells?

What are the products of fermentation in plant and yeast cells?

What industrial uses does fermentation have?

What type of polymers are carbohydrates like starch made from?

What type of enzymes break down carbohydrates?

Name an example of a carbohydrase enzyme that breaks down starch.

Starch is broken down into which simple sugar by amylase?

What enzyme synthesises glycogen from glucose?

What is glycogen used for in the body?

What polymers are proteins made of?

What enzymes break down proteins in the stomach and small intestine?

What enzymes break down lipids?

What are the breakdown products of lipids?

Where is bile made?

What is the function of bile in digestion?

What process makes glucose from sunlight in the leaves of a plant?

Is photosynthesis an exothermic or endothermic reaction?

Where is energy transferred from during photosynthesis?

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

What apparatus is often used with pondweed in water to measure oxygen production during photosynthesis?

What happens to the rate of photosynthesis as temperature increases up to a certain point?

What solution turns blue-black in the presence of starch during leaf testing?

What law states that light intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the light source?

What is the formula for light intensity according to the inverse square law?

What is an environmental condition that, in low levels, restricts any increase in the rate of photosynthesis called?

What units is light intensity measured in on photosynthesis graphs?