1What are the properties of Group 1 alkali metals due to their outer shell?
They have a single electron in their outer shell
2How do Group 1 alkali metals react with water?
Vigorously to create an alkaline solution and hydrogen
3What do Group 1 metals form when they react with oxygen?
An oxide
4What do Group 1 metals form when they react with chlorine?
A white precipitate
5What happens to the reactivity of Group 1 elements as you go down the group?
It increases
6How many electrons do Group 0 noble gases have in their outer shell?
8 electrons (except helium which has 2)
7Why are Group 0 noble gases unreactive?
Because they have a stable arrangement of electrons
8What happens to the boiling points of noble gases going down the group?
They increase with increasing relative atomic mass
9How many electrons do Group 7 halogens have in their outer shell?
7 electrons
10What type of molecules do halogens consist of?
Pairs of atoms
11What charge does a halide ion carry when halogens react with metals to form ionic compounds?
-1 charge
12What can a more reactive halogen do in an aqueous solution of its salt?
Displace a less reactive halogen
13Why do halogens become less reactive as you go down the group?
Because the higher the energy level of the outer electrons, the less easily electrons are gained
14Compared to Group 1 metals, how do transition metals compare in hardness and strength?
They are harder and stronger
15What is the exception to transition metals having higher melting points than Group 1?
Mercury
16What are typical properties of transition metal compounds?
- Ions with many different charges, form coloured compounds, and act as catalysts
- Low melting points, highly reactive, and white compounds
- Single charge ions, colourless solutions, and poor catalysts
- Gaseous state at room temperature and neutral pH
17What does the group number of an element in the periodic table indicate?
How many electrons are in its outer shell
18What is the general word equation for the reaction of a metal with a dilute acid?
Metal + dilute acid -> salt + hydrogen
19What is the general word equation for the reaction of most metals with water?
Metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
20How can you determine the order of reactivity of metals experimentally?
By observing the vigour of their reactions with water or dilute acids
21What is the test and positive result for carbon dioxide gas?
Bubble the gas through limewater (calcium hydroxide) and it turns milky or cloudy
22What is the test and positive result for chlorine gas?
Put damp litmus paper into the gas and it is bleached and turns white
23What is the test and positive result for hydrogen gas?
Hold a burning splint at the open end of a test tube and it creates a squeaky pop sound
24What is the test and positive result for oxygen gas?
Insert a glowing splint into a test tube and the splint relights
25What color precipitate forms when sodium hydroxide is added to a calcium solution?
White precipitate
26What color precipitate forms when sodium hydroxide is added to a copper (II) solution?
Blue precipitate
27What color precipitate forms when sodium hydroxide is added to an iron (II) solution?
Green precipitate
28What color precipitate forms when sodium hydroxide is added to an iron (III) solution?
Orange-brown precipitate
29What happens to the white precipitate formed when excess sodium hydroxide is added to a zinc solution?
The precipitate re-dissolves
30How do carbonate ions react with dilute acids?
They react to create carbon dioxide gas
31What reagents are added first to test for halide ions?
Dilute nitric acid followed by silver nitrate solution
32What color precipitate does a chloride ion give with silver nitrate?
White precipitate
33What color precipitate does a bromide ion give with silver nitrate?
Cream precipitate
34What color precipitate does an iodide ion give with silver nitrate?
Yellow precipitate
35What reagents are added first to test for sulfate ions?
Dilute hydrochloric acid followed by barium chloride solution
36What is the positive result for sulfate ions using barium chloride?
A white precipitate forms
37How is a flame test performed?
Take a sample of the metal on a spatula in a Bunsen burner flame and observe the colour
38What flame test color does lithium produce?
Crimson
39What flame test color does sodium produce?
Yellow
40What flame test color does potassium produce?
Lilac
41What flame test color does copper (II) produce?
Green
42What flame test color does calcium produce?
Orange-red
43What are the advantages of instrumental methods of analysis?
They are accurate, sensitive, and rapid