CCNA 1 Mod 11 IPv4 Addressing

is a 32-bit hierarchical address that is made up of a network portion and a host portion.

When determining the network portion versus the host portion, you must look at the 32-bit stream

is used to determine the network and host portions.

To identify the network and host portions of an IPv4 address, the subnet mask is compared to the IPv4 address bit for bit, from left to right.

The actual process used to identify the network and host portions is called

is a less cumbersome method used to identify a subnet mask address

The prefix length is the number of bits set to 1 in the subnet mask.

The prefix length is written in slash notation, therefore, count the number of bits in the subnet mask and prepend it with a slash.

is used in determining the network address

is the comparison of two bits where only a 1 AND 1 produces a 1 and any other combination results in a 0.

= 1

= 0

= 0

= 0

To identify the network address, the host IPv4 address is logically ANDed, bit by bit, with the subnet mask to identify the network address.

Within each network are three types of IP addresses: Network address

Within each network are three types of IP addresses: Host addresses

Within each network are three types of IP addresses: Broadcast address

is sending a packet to one destination IP address

is sending a packet to all other destination IP addresses

is sending a packet to a multicast address group.

are globally routed between internet service provider (ISP) routers.

are common blocks of addresses used by most organizations to assign IPv4 addresses to internal hosts

are not unique and can be used internally within any network

are not globally routable.

translates private IPv4 addresses to public IPv4 addresses.

is typically enabled on the edge router connecting to the internet.

translates the internal private address to a public global IP address.

Commonly identified as only 127.0.0.1 • Used on a host to test if TCP/IP is operational

Commonly known as the Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) addresses or self-assigned addresses. Used by Windows DHCP clients to self-configure when no DHCP servers are available.

manages and allocates blocks of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs).

are responsible for allocating IP addresses to ISPs who provide IPv4 address blocks to smaller ISPs and organizations.

propagate broadcasts out all interfaces except the interface on which it was received

The only device that stops broadcasts

do not propagate broadcasts.

Each router interface connects to a broadcast domain and broadcasts are only propagated within that specific broadcast domain.

An advantage/problem with a large broadcast domain is that these hosts can generate excessive broadcasts and negatively affect the network

process to reduce the size of the network to create smaller broadcast domains

Within smaller broadcast domains, broadcasts are only propagated locally.

reduces overall network traffic and improves network performance

can be used to implement security policies between subnets.

reduces the number of devices affected by abnormal broadcast traffic.

Subnets are used for a variety of reasons including by: Location

Subnets are used for a variety of reasons including by: Group

Subnets are used for a variety of reasons including by: Function

Networks are most easily subnetted at the octet boundary of /8, /16, and /24

Using longer prefix lengths decreases the number of hosts per subnet.

A company's internal network typically using private IPv4 addresses

A company’s internet-facing servers.

Devices in the DMZ use public IPv4 addresses

The DMZ devices would have to be configured with public IP addresses

Consideration when planning subnets: number of host addresses

Consideration when planning subnets: number of individual subnets

was developed to avoid wasting addresses by enabling us to subnet a subnet

When using VLSM, always begin by satisfying the host requirements of the largest subnet and continue subnetting until the host requirements of the smallest subnet are satisfied.

is crucial to develop a scalable solution to an enterprise network.

Most use DHCP to reduce errors and burden on network support staff. IPv6 clients can obtain address information using DHCPv6 or SLAAC.

These should have a predictable static IP address.

Servers must have a public IPv4 address, most often accessed using NAT

Devices are assigned addresses for network management, monitoring, and security.

Routers and firewall devices are gateways for the hosts in that network.