Airframe 2022

Laminated wood spars may be substituted for solid rectangular wood spars

the strength of a well designed and properly prepared wood splice join is provided by the

Where is information found concerning acceptable species substitutions for wood materials used in aricraft repair?

In cases of eleongated bolt holes in a wood spar or cracks in the vicinity of boltholes

A faint lin running across the greain of a wood spar generally indicates

Any wooden member that has been overstressed is subject to which type of failure

which statement about wood decay is correct?

Which statement concerning wood decay is correct?

Which of the following conditions will determine acceptance of wood with mineral streaks

the I-beam wooden spar is routed to

Pin knot clusters are permitted in wood aircraft structure provided

the cantilever wing uses

laminated wood is sometimes used in the construction of highly stressed aircraft components. this wood can be identified by its

when patching a plywood skin, abrupt changes in cross-sectional areas which will develop dangerous stress concentration should be avoided by using

glue deterioration in wood aircraft structure is indicated

compression failures in wood aircraft structures are characterized by buckliing of the fibers that appear as streaks on the surface

When and how is finishing tape applied on a fabric-covered aircraft

the determining factors for the selection of the correct weight of textile fabric to be used in covering any type of aircraft is the

how many fabric thicknesses will be found in a French-fell seam?

Finishing tape (surface tape) is used for what purpose

moisture, mildew, chemicals, and acids have no effect on

fungicide and mildewicide additives are important for fabric covered aircraft, such as

the best method of repair for a fabric-covered aircraft surface which has an L-shaped tear, each leg of which is approximately 14 inches long, is to

the strength classifcation of fabrics used in aircraft covering is based on

fabric rejuvenator is used to

machine-sewn seams in aircraft covering fabrics may be which of the follwoing types

when testing the strength of Grade A cotton fabric covering an aircraft that requires only intermediate grade, the minimum acceptable strengththe fabric must have is

when dope-proofing the parts of the aircraft structure that come in contact with doped fabric, which of the following provide an acceptable protective coating

If registration numbers are to be applied to an aircraft with a letter height of 12 inches, what is the minimum space required for the registration mark N1683C?

Note:
2/3 x height = character width
1/6 x height = width for 1
1/4 x 2/3 height = spacing
1/6 x height = stroke or line width

If masking tape is applied to an aircraft, such as for trim spraying, and is left on for several days and/or exposed to heat, it is likely that the tape will

what is used to slow the drying time of some finishes and to prevent blush

which type of coating typically includes phosphoric acid as one of its components at the time of applicaiton

which properly applied finiish topcoat is the most durable and chemical resistant

aluminum pigment in dope is used primarily to

a correct use for acetone is to

which of the following is a hazard associated with sanding on fabric covered surfaces during the finishing process

when the humidity is low, what is likely to occur if unhydrated wash primer is applied to unpainted aluminum and then, about 30-40 minutes later, a finsih topcoat is applied

fungicidal dopes are used in aircraft finishing as the

before applying a protective coating to any unpainted clean aluminum, you should

when humidity is low, what is likely to occur if hydrated wash primer is applied to unpainted aluminum and then, 30-40 minutes later, a finish top coat is applied

what is the usual cause of runs and sags in aircraft finishes

which defect in aircraft finishes may be caused by adverse humidity, drafts, or sudden changes in temperature

which statement is true regarding paint system compatability

a well-designed rivet joint will subject th e rivets to

a main difference between lockbolt/huckbolt tension and shear fasteners (ohter than their application) is in the

alloy 2117 rivets are heat treated

the general rule for finding the proper rivet diameter is

the shop head of a rivet should be

one of the main advantages of HI-LOK type fasteners over earlier generations is that

which of the following is one advantage of HI-LOK fasteners

the markings on the head of a Dzus fastener identify the

the Dzus turnlock fastener consists of a stud, grommet, and receptacle. the stud length is measured in

the Dzus turnlock fastner consists of a stud, grommet, and receptacle. the stud diameter is measured in

threaded rivets (rivnuts) are commonly used to

the installation of CherryMAX and Olympic-Lok rivets is accomplished by utilizing

hole filling fastners (for example, MS20470 rivets) should not be used in composite structures primarily because of the

metal fasteners used with carbon/graphite composite structures

sandwich panels made of honeycomb construction are used on aircraft because this type of construction

which of these methods may be used to inspect fiberglass/honeycomb structures for entrapped water

when balsa wood is used to replace a damaged honeycome core, the plug should be cut so that

Laminated wood spars may be substituted for solid rectangular wood spars

one of the best ways to assure that a properly prepared batch of matrix resin has been achieved is to

how does acoustic emission testing detct defects in compostie materials

when conducting a tap test on a composite panel, which of the following sounds would indicate delamination

what precaustion, if any, should be taken to prevent corrosion inside a repaired metal honeycomb structure

one method of inspecting a laminated fiberglass structure that has been subjected to damage is to

when inspecting a composite panel using the ring test/tapping method, a dull thud may indicate

which of the following are benefits of using microballoons when making repaires to laminated honeycombe panels

the length of time that a catalyzed resin will remain in a workable state is called the

a category of plastic material that is capable of softening or flowing when reheated is decribed as a

the classification for high tensile strength fiberglass used in aircraft structure is

which is an idientifying characteristc of acrylic plastics

superficial scars, scratches, surface abrasion, or rain erosion on fiberglass laminates can genreally be repaired by applying

teh classification for fiberglass reinformcement material that has high resitivity an dis the most common is

a potted compound repair on honeycombe can usually be made on damages less than

composite fabric material is considered to be the strongest in what direction

what referecne tool is used to determine how the fiber is to be oriented for a particular ply of fabric

the strength and stiffness of a properly constructed composite buildup depends primarily on

which fiber to resin (percent) ratio for advanced compostie wet lay-ups is generally considred the best for strength

what is the material layer used within the vacuum bag pressure system to absorb excess resin durin curing called

proper prepreg composite lay-up curing is genrally accomplished by

when repairing large, flat surfaces with polyester resins, warping of the surface is likely to occur. one method of reducing the amount of warpage is to

when making repairs to fiberglass, cleaning of the area to be repaired is essential for a good bond. the final cleaning should be made using

when necessary, what type of cutting fluid is usually acceptable for machining composite laminates

fiberglass laminate damage not exceeding the first layer or ply can be repaired by

fiberglass damage that extends completely through a laminated sandwich structure

fiberglass laminate damage that extends completely thorugh one facing and into the core

repairing advanced composites using materials and techiniques traditionally used for fiberglass repairs is likely to result in

the preferred way to make permanent repairs on composites is by

which of the following, when added to wet resins, provide strength for the repair of damaged fastener holes in composite panels

the part of a replacement honeycomb core that must line up with the adjacent original is teh

which of the following are generally characteristics of aramid fiber (Kevlar) composites

which of the following are genreally characteristics of carbon /graphite fiber composites

if an aircraft's transparent platic enclosures exhibit fine cracks which may extend in a network over or under the surface or thorugh the plastic, the plastic is said to be

when installing transparent plastic enclosures which are retained by bolts extending thorugh the plastic material and self-locking nuts, the nuts should be

if a new safety belt is to be installed in an aircraft, the belt must conform to the strength requirements in which document

which is considred good practice concerning the installation of acrylic plastics

the coefficient of expansion of most plastic enclosures materials is

if no scratches are visilble after transparent plastic enclosure materials havbe been cleaned, their surfaces should be

cabin upholstery materials installed in current standared category airplanes must

what is the most common method of cementing transparent plastics

what type of bit should be used to drill holes in Plexiglass

which of the following dirll bit types work best when drilling an aramid fiber (Kevlar) composite laminate

what is the purpose of a gusset or gusset plate used in the construction and repair of aircraft structures

select the alternative which best decribes the function of the flute section of a twist drill

how many MS20470 AD-4-6 rivets will be required to attach a 10" x 5" plate, using a single row of rivets, minimum edge distance, and 4D spacing

on a semi-monocoque fuselage, the skin is reinforced by longitudinal strucutral members called

shallow scratches in sheet metal may be repaired by

what should be the included angle of a twist frill for soft metals

when comparing the machining techniques for stainless steel sheet material to those for aluminum alloy sheet, it is normally considered good practice to drill the stainless steel at a

a single-lap sheet splice is ot be used to repair a section of damaged aluminum skin. if a double row of 1/8-inch rivets is used, the minimum allowable overlap will be

what is the minimum edge distance allowed for alumin8um alloy single lap sheet splices containing a single row of rivets as compared to a joint with mulitple rows, all rivets being equal in diamter

which statement is true regarding the inspection of a stressed skin maetal wing assembly known to have been critically loaded

what is the minimum edge distance for aircraft rivets

when dirllin stainless steel, the drill used should have an included angle of

what is the minimum spacing for a single row of aircraft rivets

(Refer to Figure 1.) Which of the rivets shown will accurately fit the conical depression made by a 100° countersink

which is correct concerning the use of a file

what is one of the dtermining factors which permits machine countersinking when flush riveting

when repairing a small hole on a metal stressed skin, the major consideration in the design of the patch should be

(Refer to Figure 6.) What is dimension D

repairss or splices involing stringers on the lower surface of stressed skin metal wings are usually

when straightening members made of 2024-T4, you should

clad aluminum alloys are used in aircraft because they

which statement is true regarding a cantilever wing

aircraft structural units, such as spars, engine supports, etc.,which have been built up from sheet metal, are normally

a factro which determines the minimum space between rivets is the

what should be the included angle of a twist drill for hard metal

parts fabricated from Alcald 2024-T3 aluminum sheet stock must ahve all

the monocoque fuselage relies largely on the strength of

which parst of a semi-monocoque fuselage prevent tension and compressino from bending the fuselage

rivet gauge, or transverse pitch is the distance between the

rivet pitch is the distance between the

(Refer to Figure 2.) select the preferred drawing for proper countersinking

what is indicated by a black "smoky" residue streaming back from some of the rivets on an aircraft

the identifying marks on the heads of aluminum alloy rivets indicate the

when an MS20470D rivet is installed, its full shear strength is obtained

which of the following need not be considred when determingin minimum rivet spacing

what is the purpose of refrigerating 2017 and 2024 aluminum alloy rivets after heat treatment

under certain conditions, type A rivets are not used because of their

a rivet set used to drive MS20470 rivets shold

heat-treated rivets in the D and DD series that are not driven within the prescribed time after heat treatment or removal from refrigeration

the dimension of an MS20430AD-4-8 rivet are

the primary alloying agent of 2024-T3 is indicated by the number

which part of 2017-T36 aluminum alloy indicates the temper designation

wgucg oart if tghe 2017-T36 aluminum alloy designatino indicates the primary alloying agent used in its manufacture

a sheet metal repari is to be made using two pieces of 0.040-inch aluminum riveted together. all rivet holes are filled for 3/32-inch rivets. the length of the rivets to be sued will be

most rivets used in aircraft construction have

MS20426AD-6-5 indicates a countersunk rivet which has

which rivet may be used as recieved without further treatement

(Refer to Figure 3.) Which is the grip length of the flush rivet

which rivets should be selected ot join two sheets of .032-inch aluminum

a sheet metal repair is to be made using two peices of 0.0625-inch aluminum riveted togehter. all rivet holes are drilled for 1/8-inch rivets. the length of the rivets to be used will be

mild steel rivets are used for riveting

a DD rivet is heat treated before use to

when riveting dissimilar metal together, what precautions must be taken to prevent an electrolytic action

the lengths of a rivet to be used to join a sheet of .032-inch and .064-inch aluminum alloy should be equal to

what is generally the best procedure to use when removing a solid shank rivet

joggles in removed rivet shanks would indicate partial

what type loads cause the most rivet failures

which rivet is used for riveting magnesium alloy structures

which rivet is used for riveting nickle-steel alloys

the length of rivet to be chosen when making a structural repair that involves the joining of 0.032-inch and 0.064-inch aluminum sheet, drilled witha No. 30 dril, is

(Refer to Figure 4.) the length of flat A is

(Refer to Figure 4.) the amount of material required to make the 90° bend is

(Refer to Figure 5.) what is the length of flat A

(Refer to Figure 5.) What is the flat layout dimension

if a streamline cover plate is to be hand formed using a form block, a piece of dead soft aluminum should first be placed over the hollow portion of the modl and securely fastened in place. the bumping operation should be

a piece of flat stock that is to be bent to a clsoed angle of 15° must be bent through an angle of

when a piece of aluminum alloy is to be bent using a minimum radius for the type of thickness of material,

the flat layout or blank length of a peice of metal from which a simple L-shaped bracket 3 inches by 1 inch is to be bent depends upon the radium of the desired bend. the bracket which will require thegreatest amount of material is on whihc has a bend radius of

if it is necessary to compute a bend allowance problem an dbend allowance tables are not available, the neutral axis of the bend can be

unless otherwise specified, the radius of a bend is the

the sharpest bend that can be placed in a piece of metal without critically weakening the part is called the

the most important factors needed to make a flat pattern layout are

a peice of sheet metal is bent to a certain radius. the curvature of the bend is referred to as the

you can distingusih between aluminum and aluminum alloy by

the purpose of a joggle is to

when bending metal, the material on the outside of the curve stretches while the material on the inside of the curve compresses. that part of the material which is not affected by either stress is the

(Refer to Figure 6.) Determine the dimension of A, B, and C in the flat layout
Setback = .252
Bend allowance = .345

(Refer to Figure 6.) What is dimension D?
Setback = .252
Bend allowance = .345

the sight line on a sheet metal flat layout to be bent in a cornice or box brake is measured and marked

(Refer to Figure 7.) What is dimension F?
Setback at D = .095
Setback at E = .068
Bend allowance at D = .150
Bend allowance at E = .112

On a sheet metal fitting layout wiht a single bend, allow for stretching by

the aluminum alloys used in aircraft construction are usually hardened by which method?

in Gas Tungsten Arc (GTA) welding, a stream of inert gas is used to

which statement best decribes magnesium welding

which statement best decribes magensium welding

which statement is true in regard to welding heat-treated magensium

the oxyacetylene flame for silver soldering should be

why is it necessary to use flux in all silver soldering operations

engine mount members should preferably be repaired by using a

what method of repair is recommended for a steel tube longeron dented at a cluster

welding over brazed or soldered joint is

which statement concerning soldering is correct

a resurfaced soldering iron cannot be used effectively until after the working face has been

which of the following can normally be welded without adversely affecting strength

in selecting a torch tip size to use in welding, the size of the tip opneing determines the

why should a carburizing flame be avoided when welding steel?

the most important consideration(s) when selecting welding rod is

when selecting a welding rod, one of the most important factors to consider is to ensure that

the oxyacetylene flame used for aluminum welding should

a very thin and pointed tip on a soldering copper is undesirable because it will

filing or grinding a weld bead is considered to be

acetylene at a line pressure aboce 15 psi is

cylinders used to transport and store acetylene

a wleding torch backfire may be cause by

which statement concernign a welding process is true

wher should the flux be applied when oxyacetylene welding aluminum

what prupose does flux serve in welding aluminum

why are aluminum plates 1/4 inch or more thick usually preheated before welding

how should a welding torch flame be adjusted to weld stainless steel

oxides foorm very rapidly when alloys or metal are hot. it is imporant, therefore, when welding aluminum to use a

in gas welding, the amount of hat applied to the material being welded is controlled by the

when welding or cutting, the acetylene pressure gauge should never be set higher than

oxygen and acetylene cylinders are made of

high pressure cylinders used to transport and store acetylene must

when a butt-welded joint is visually inspected for penetration, the penetration should be

annealing of aluminum

edge nothcing is generally recommended in butt welding above a certain thickness of aluminum because it

if too much acetylene is used in the welding of stainless steel

the shielding gasses generally used in the Gas Tungsten Arc (GRA) welding of aluminum consist of

the auxiliary (tail) rotor of a helicopter permits the pilot to compensate for and/or accopmlish which of the follwoing

the vertical flight of a helicopter is controlled by

a reduction in anti-torque thrust will cuase the

in rotorcraft external-loading, the ideal location of the cargo release is where the line of action passes

the acute angle formed by the chord line of a winmg and the relative wind is known as the

a helicopter in forward flgiht, curise configuration, changes direction by

the purpose in checking main rotor blade tracking is to determine the

in a hovering helicopter equipped with a tail rotor, directional control is maintained by

if a single rotor helicopter is in forawrd horizontal flight, the angle of attack of the advancing blade is

main rotor blades that do not cone by the same ount durin grotation are said to be out of

one purpose of the freewheeling unit required between the engine and the helicopter transmission is to

which statement is correct concerning torque effect on helicopters

what is the purpose of the free-wheeling unit in a helicopter drive system

movement about the longitudinal axis (roll) in a helicopter is effected by movement of the

movement about the lateral axis (pitch) in a helicopter is effected by movement of the

wing dihedral, a rigging consideration on most airplanes of conventional design, contributes most to stability of the airplane about its

other than the manufacutrer maintenance manual what other document could be used to determine the primary flight control surface deflection for an imported aircraft that is reassembled afrter shipment

If a pilot reports that an airplane flies left wing heavy, this condition my be corrected by

if the vertical fin of a single-engine, propeller-driven airplane is rigged properly, it will generally be parallel to

an airplane which has good longitudinal stability should have a minimu tendency to

as the angle of attack of an airfoil increases, the center of pressure will

the angle of incidence is that acute angle formed by

an airplane's center of lift is usually located aft of its center of gravity

an airplane is controlled directionally about its vertical axis by the

the elevators of a conventional airplane are used to provide rotation about the

washing-in the left wing of a monoplane, for purposes of rigging corrections after flight test, will have what effect on the lift and drag of that wing

what type of flap system increases the wing area and changes the wing camber

if the right wing of a monoplane is improperly rigged to a greater angle of incidence than designated in the manufacturer's specifications, it will cause the

the chord of a wing is measured from

when the lift of an airfoil increases, teh drag will

what physical factors are involved in the aspect ratio of airplane wings

improper rigging of the elevator trim tab system will affect the balance of the airplane aobut its

an airplane that has a tendency to gradually increase a pitching momnent that has been set into motion has

the purpose of wing slats is to

the angle of incidence of an airplane at rest

buffeting is the intermittent application of forces to a part of an airplane. it is cuased by

movement of an airplane along its lateral axis (roll) is also movement

the primary purpose of stall strips is to

rigging and alignment checks should not be undertaken in the open. however, if this cannot be avoided, the aircraft should be postioned with the

the correct dihedral angle can be determined by

the dihedral angle of a wing may be measured by placing a straightedge and level protarctor on the

where would you find precise information to perform a symmetry alignment check for a particular aircraft

where is the buttock line or buttline of an air4craft

where is fuselage station No. 137 located

proper wing twist in a sheet metal constructed wing can be usually checked by utilizing a

the vast majority of aircraft control cables are terminated with swaged terminals, that must be

what nondestructive checking method is normally used to ensure that the correct amount of swaging has taken place when installing swaged-type terminals on aircraft control cable

when inspecting a control cable turbuckle for proper installation, determine that

if all instruction issued by the swaging tool manurfactuer are followed when swaging a cable terminmal, the resultant swaged terminal strength should be

which is an acceptable safety device for a catle nut when installed on secondary structures

when installing a castle nut, start alignment with the cotter pin hole at the

when used in close proximity to magnentic compasses, cotter pins are made of what material

when a fiber or nylon insert-type self-locking nut can be threaed on a bolt or stud through the insert with only the fingerds, it should be

the purpose of the vertical fin is to provide

how are changes in direction of a control cable accomplished

what is the smallest size cable that may be used in aricraft primary control systems

after repairing or re-covering a rudder, the surface should be rebalanced

placing a piece of cloth around a stainles steel control cagble and running it back and froth over the legnth of the calbe is genrally a statisfactory method of inspecting for

the cable-operated control system of an all-metal aircraft, not incorporating a temperature compensating device, has been rigged to the correct tension in a heated hangar. if the aricraft is operated in very cold weather, the cable tension will

very often, repairs to a control surface requier static rebalancing of the control surface. gernally, flight control balance condition may be determined by

excessive wear on both of the sides of a control cable pulley groove is evidence of

fairleads should never deflect the alignment of a cable more than

where does the breakage fo control cable wires occur most frequently

with which system is differential control associated

which statement concerning the 100-hour inspection of an airplane equipped with a push=pull tube-type control system is true

if control cables are adjusted properly and the control surfaces tend to vibrate, the probable cause is

aircraft flight control trim systems must be designed and installed so that the

stability about the axis which runs parallel to the line of flight is referred to as

the purpose of spring tabs or servo tabs is to

if the control stick of an aircraft with properly rigged flight controls is moved rearward and to the left, the right aileron will move

movement of the cockpit control toward the nose-down postion during a gorund operational check of the elevator trim tab system will cause the trailing edge of the trim tab to move in which direction

if the control stick of an aircraft with properly rigged flight control is moved forward and to the right, the left aileron will move

if the travel of an airplane's controls is correcr by the calbes are rigged exceptionally tight, what probable effet will this have when flying the airplane

during inspeciton of the lfight contorl systme of an airplane equipped with differential-type aileron control, side-to-side movement of the control stick will cause

a universal propeller protractor used to measure the degrees of aileron travel should be zeroed

the universal propeller protractor can be used to measure

(Refer to Figure 8.) Identify the cable that ius used in primary control systems and in other places where operation over pulleys is frequent

a tension regulator in the flight control cable system of a large all-metal aircraft is used primarily to