1Staphylococcus main virulence factors (2)
1. Alpha toxin - pore forming
2. Coagulase - protect from phagocytosis
2Impetigo. Caused by? Virulence factor?
S. aureus
Exfolatin - cleaves desmoglein
3Scalded Skin Syndrome. Caused by? Virulence factor?
S. Aureus
Exfloatin - cleaves demoglein
4Pneumonia (S. aureus). Virulence factor?
Alpha toxin. Activates NLRP3 . Secretes IL-1 and IL-18
5TSS (S. aureus). Virulence factor?
Toxic Shock Syndrome toxin (TSST) → SuperAg that spreads systematically
6Food posioning (S. aureus). Virulence factor?
Staph enterotoxin A & B (SEA & SEB) → SuperAg in GI tract stimulates cytokine
7S. pyogenes virulence factors (4)?
1. Streptokinase: Activates plasminogen
2. Pyrogenic Exotoxin: SuperAg
3. Exotosin B: Protease
4. M Proteins
8Toxic shock syndrome S. pyogenes. Virulence factor?
VF: Pyrogenic Exotoxin → SuperAg
9Necrotizing fascitis S. pyogenes. Virulence factor?
Exotoxin B - protease, destroys tissue
10Scarlet fever S. pyogenes virulence factor?
VF: erythrogenic toxin (SuperAg) → host has no Abs against toxin
11Rheumatic fever S. pyogenes virulence factor?
VF: M proteins → cross-reactivity cause Ig against M proteins to bind to proteins in the heart valves
→ complement activation!
12Acute Post-Strep Glomerulonephritis (PSGN) virulence factor?
VF: Cross-reactivity of Ig against Strep Ag forming immune complexes that are deposited into
kidney → complement activation
13S. galactase newborn GBS virulence factor?
VF: Capsule → binds to factor H to degrade C3b (prevents complement activation)
14Virulence factor for S. pnemoniae?
Pneumolysin: cytotoxic to endothelial
cells, impairs ciliary action, suppresses
phagocytosis
153 main virulence factors for bacillus antracis?
Anthrax toxin
- Protective Antigen (PA): binds anthrax toxin receptor (ATR) on host cell surface
- Edema Factor (EF): increases cAMP
- Lethal Factor (LF): cleaves MAPK proteins → TNF-a secretion → death of macrophages +
endothelial cells
16Virulence factor for emetic Bacillus cereus?
Emetic toxin (Cereulide) - heat, pH and proteolysis resistant; induces 5-HT that bind to
receptors on vagal afferent neurons
17Virulence factor for diarrheal bacilluis cerulus?
VF: Enterotoxin - ADP-ribosylating toxin (adds ADP ribose to G protein → increases cAMP
18Virulence factor for Corynebacterium diphtheriae? (1 with 2 subunits)
Virulence Factor: Diphtheria Toxin (DTX)
- B subunit: heparin-binding epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)
- A subunit: ADP ribosylation of EF-2 → prevents protein synthesis
193 virulence factors of listeria monocytogenes?
-Internalan: actin reorganization for further infection to ADJACENT cell
- Listeriolysin O: bacterial escape into host cytoplasm by degrading endosome/phagosome
- Phospholipases: destroy cell mb to release bacteria and spread to tissues
20Virulence factor for Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?
Neuraminidase: attach + penetrate
21Virulence factor for rhodococcus?
VF = Virulence associated protein A (Vap A): plasmid encoding resistance to phagolysosome formation to increase survival in macrophages