History: Cruel Sports and Bear-Baiting
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1
Name three types of cruel sports.
Bear-baiting, bull-baiting, cock-fighting
2
Summarise what would happen during bear-baiting.
they would be chained to a wooden stake by one hind leg or chained by the neck. Dogs would attack the bear, attempting to kill it by biting its throat, and the spectators would place bets on which dog would survive the longest before being killed by the angry bear.
3
Name a popular bear-baiting arena
Bear Garden, Paris Garden
4
Where was this famous bear-baiting ring?
Southwark, London
5
How many people could this bear-baiting ring accommodate?
up to 1000 people
6
What was the shape of this bear-baiting ring?
a circular building with a thatched roof
7
What did this style of building influence later on?
building styles of theatres later on in the 1570s
8
When did MPs attempt to pass a law in 1585 to ban bear-baiting on a Sunday?
1585
9
What did Elizabeth do when MPs tried to ban bear-baiting on a Sunday?
She overruled them
10
TRUE OR FALSE: Elizabeth enjoyed bear-baiting.
True, bear baiting shows were often put on for her when she was o her royal progresses.
11
Summarise what may happen during bull-baiting.
a bull would be tied to a stake in the centre of the ring and trained bulldogs would then be set free one by one by their owners in order to attack the bull
12
What was more common, bull-baiting or bear baiting?
Bull baiting
13
Summarise cockfighting.
a fight between a single pair of birds, but sometimes as many as twenty gamecocks could be put into the ring at the same time and allowed to fight it out until only one bird was left
14
What did spectators like to do before cruel sports?
Bet on which one they thought would win
15
Name a few activities that the rich enjoyed doing for entertainment.
Hunting, Hawking, Archery, Dancing, M usic and singing, Ball games
16
Give examples of animals that the rich liked to hunt.
stags, deer and sometimes hares
17
What is the difference between the way the upper and lower classes engaged in hawking?
The upper class were the only ones allowed to breed hawks, lower class people used kestrels and sparrow hawks.
18
After what age was a man expected to practise archery?
24
19
What were the two types of bow?
The long bow and the crossbow
20
Give an example of a slow tune.
slow paven, the galliard, the gavotte etc
21
Give an example of an Elizabethan dance.
The Volta
22
How was this specific Elizabethan dance perceived?
considered to be too wild and disgusting by some since it involved the lady having to leap into the air
23
Did the Queen enjoy dancing?
Yes
24
What were the key musical instruments in Elizabethan music?
the recorder, the viol, the lute and virginals
25
Name a famous English composer of this time.
Tallis, Byrd and Morley
26
Name 3 ball games in this period
tennis, bowls, football
27
Who were strolling players?
wandering bands of players who toured the country, stopping at towns to perform their plays to audiences
28
What was a common theme in plays of strolling players?
the adventures of Robin Hood
29
When was the law restricting strolling players passed?
1572
30
Why was there a law restricting strolling players?
The large crowds attracted by them were considered to be hotspots to communicable diseases like the plague.
31
What did the law restricting strolling players decree?
That strolling players were banned from touring the country unless they had been granted a licence to perform from the lord chamberlain
32
Give an example of a leading theatre company established during Elizabeth's reign.
• The Earl of Leicester's Players, established in 1574
• The Queen's Men, established in 1583
• The Lord Admiral Howard's Company, established in 1583
• The Lord Chamberlain's Men, established in 1594.
• The Queen's Men, established in 1583
• The Lord Admiral Howard's Company, established in 1583
• The Lord Chamberlain's Men, established in 1594.
33
When was the first theatre built?
1576
34
Who built the first theatre?
James Burbage
35
Where was the first theatre built?
Finsbury Fields at Shoreditch
36
Give other examples of theatres with the year they were opened.
The Curtain opened in 1577,
The Rose opened in 1587,
The Swan in 1596 and
The Globe in 1599
The Rose opened in 1587,
The Swan in 1596 and
The Globe in 1599
37
Who built the Globe theatre?
Richard and Cuthbert Burbage (brothers)
38
Which theatre premiered most of Shakespeare's plays?
The Globe
39
By which year did thousands of people attend plays each week in London?
1595
40
-see poster for theatre annotation-
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41
Where did poor people tend to sit in theatres?
the central pit
42
Where could people sit if they payed more money?
The galleries
43
Give an example of an Elizabethan actor.
Richard Burbage, Edward Alleyn, Will Kempe, Thomas Pope
44
Give an example of an Elizabethan playwright.
Christopher Marlowe, Shakespeare
45
Give an example of Shakespeare's work.
Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth
46
Give an example of Marlowe's work.
Doctor Faustus
47
Which two playwrights' work did Elizabeth enjoy?
Marlowe and Shakespeare
48
Which performance did Elizabeth watch?
the first performance of Twelfth Night in 1601
49
Give a example where plays have been used to show a political message
In Alarum for London, Catholic Spanish people are seen killing innocent Protestant people
to create an anti-Spanish feeling
to create an anti-Spanish feeling
50
What was the population in 1500 and 1603
50,000 to 200,000
51
What was the safety concern about theatres?
beggers and pickpocketers
52
What was the health concern with theatres?
Spreading of diseases like the plague
53
Which group of people particularly opposed theatre?
Puritans
54
Why did they oppose theatre?
they claimed it was encouraging people to be sinful and tempting them away from leading a pure, simple and pious life. They considered the plays to lack decency and morals, and to contain rude gestures and antics, which caused audiences to lead a sinful and corrupt lifestyle
55
Why was there a threat from France at the start of Elizabeth's reign?
The new king Francis II married Mary - many thought to replace her with Mary - Elizabeth feared that Francis would push this idea
56
Why may have King Philip II of Spain thought he had a claim to the English throne?
He was married to Mary I
57
Who were Marian exiles?
Protestants who left the country under Mary I
58
Why did the Marian exiles return?
They hoped that Elizabeth would reflect their beliefs and practices.
59
Which notable Puritan may have influenced Protestants abroad?
John Calvin
60
Who was Elizabeth's first Archbishop of Canterbury?
Matthew Parker
61
Which of her father's Protestant wives cared for her?
Catherine Parr
62
Who was her and her brother's Protestant tutor?
Roger Ascham from Cambridge.
63
What aspects of Catholicism did Elizabeth like?
vestments, ornaments, decoration,
64
What aspects of Catholicism was Elizabeth against?
Bishops and clergymen being able to marry
65
What did Elizabeth learn from her siblings' reigns?
not to adopt a strict or extreme ruler
66
What is another term for the middle way?
via media
67
What did Elizabeth make the official religion?
Protestantism
68
Under Elizabeth, what language was the Bible in?
English
69
TRUE OR FALSE: Elizabeth introduced a new Prayer Book.
True
70
Did Elizabeth persecute Catholics?
No, but she fined recusancy
71
Which two acts formed the Religious Settlement?
The Act o Supremacy and the Act of Uniformity
72
What title was Elizabeth given under the Act of Supremacy?
'Supreme Governor of the Church of England'
73
What did all important officials have to do as part of the Act of Supremacy?
swear an oath accepting Elizabeth's title
74
What would happen if officials refused to swear the oath to Elizabeth?
They may be executed on their third offence
75
TRUE or FALSE: Elizabeth didn't keep bishops as part of her Act of Supremacy.
False, she did
76
What was established to ensure the changes were implemented at parish level?
a church High Commision
77
When was the Religious Settlement?
1559
78
As part of the Act of Uniformity, which book was to be used in all churches?
the 1552 Book of Common Prayer
79
Under the Act of Uniformity, what was the significance of bread and wine during Communion?
That it isn't Jesus' blood and body but is to remember that Jesus died on the cross for them.
80
Were ornaments allowed in the church?
Yes
81
Did clergy have to wear vestments?
Yes
82
Were clergy allowed to marry?
Yes
83
What did all clergy now have to do under the Act of Uniformity/
They had to take an oath to use the new Prayer Book
84
What was the fine for recusancy?
1 shilling (12 pence)
85
What act was passed to enforce the Religious Settlement?
The Royal Injunctions, 1559
86
Name a few things that the Royal Injunctions accomplished.
- It told clergy to preach only with the permission of a bishop and a license from authorities
- priests were allowed to marry with consent from their bishop and 2 JPs
- priests were allowed to marry with consent from their bishop and 2 JPs
87
How many commissioners were employed to enforce the Oath of Supremacy?
125
88
How many clergies resigned or were sacked because of the Oath of Supremacy?
over 400
89
What fraction of the resigned/ sacked clergy left because they were Catholics?
1/2
90
When was the Act of Exchange?
1559
91
What did the Act of Exchange allow Elizabeth to do?
take land from the Church
92
What does Episcopacy mean?
the role of bishops
93
Why was Catholic bishops resigning a good thing for Elizabeth?
She could employ Protestants willing to enforce the Religious Settlement
94
When were the Thirty-nine Articles created?
1563
95
When did Elizabeth approve the Thirty-nine Articles?
1571
96
What % of the clergy refused to accept changes and lost their jobs?
less than 3 %
97
How many clergies out of 9000 refused to accept the changes and lost their jobs?
250/ 9,000
98
What did both the Pope and King Phillip II hope about the Religious Settlement?
that it would change over time
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