Japanese 3

たり links things together to create a list. It's kind of like the particle や, because it's also used to create an incomplete list. It implies that more things could have been included in the list, similarly as to how "etc." functions. However, while the particle や only works with nouns, 〜たり works with verbs, adjectives, and nouns.

For example:
"公園で自転車に乗ったりバレーボールしたりした" could be translated to "at the park, I rode my bike and played volleyball." Note that this has the nuance that while the speaker did in fact ride their bike and play volleyball, they also did other stuff that they've chosen to leave out.

Change the verbs to their た-form, add り. Add する after the final たり.

For example:
"彼は図書館で読んだり勉強したりした" would mean that "he read and studied at the library."

Change the nouns or na-adjectives to their た-form, add り.
I.e. add だったり.

Drop い, add かったり

Used on adjectives that measure something objective, measurable, or agreed upon by everyone. While this can turn "heavy" into "weight," it can also be used on adjectives that seem subjective if most people agree with your opinion, such as describing a movie as objectively unentertaining. This form can be used on just about any adjective.

You can also combine this word with other forms that end in い like ～たい, ～やすい, and ～にくい!

Drop い, add さ

Instead of adding な, add さ

Used on adjectives that are subjective or metaphorical to create nouns, like enjoyment or pain. This form can only be used on a handful of words. ～み is most commonly used with adjectives that describe feelings or flavors.

Examples include:
楽しい
悲しい
痛い
苦しい

Drop い, add み

Instead of adding な, add み

Whether or not.

For example:
"使うかどうか自由だ” means "whether you use it or not is up to you."

A particle used to communicate that something is unknown. It can be used to indicate that the sentence is a question, but it also has a couple other uses.

You can use it similarly to the word "or." Saying "お母さんかお父さんか" would mean "either mom or dad."

You could also use it to form indefinite pronouns. Indefinite pronouns are words that indicate an unspecified thing, place, person, etc. "Somewhere," for instace, is an indefinite pronoun. 何 (what) becomes 何か (something).

Pluralizing suffix. Turns words like "I" into "we."

Even if. Used for hypothetical situations.

For example: "たとえ買えるとしても，そんな家は買わないだろう" means "even if I could buy that house, I wouldn't."

As expected.

For example

The "Japanese period;" 。

くてん

Etc.; or something (following an approximate quote or vague suggestion).

And then...

Because of...; the reason is...;