Rocks
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Igneous
Rocks that form when molten materials solidify
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Magma
Molten rock that is inside the Earth
3
Plutonic
Rock that formed deep within the Earth
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Intrusive
Below Earth's crust
5
Lava
Molten rock on the Earth's surface
6
Volcanic
Rock that formed above the Earth's surface
7
Extrusive
Above the Earth's crust
8
Crystal Size
Refers to an actual measurement of the individual crystals or aggerate
9
Plutonic rocks will have larger/smaller crystals
Larger
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Volcanic rocks will have larger/smaller crystals
Smaller
11
Texture
The appearance or character of a rock
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Vesicular
Texture that consists of gas pockets that give the appearance of having holes
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Porphyritic
Texture that contains large crystals in a fine grained matrix
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Felsic
Light colored rocks that have a high aluminum [Al] content and silicon [Si]
15
Mafic
Dark colored rocks that have a high iron [Fe] content or magnesium [Mg]
16
The lighter the color, the higher/lower the density
Lower
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The darker the color, the higher/lower the density
Higher
18
Sedimentary
Rock type that forms from an accumulation of sediment derived preexisting rocks and/or organic material
19
Sediment
Solid fragmented material that is transported and deposited in layers on the Earth's surface
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Clastic
Rock that formed from the fragments or pieces of other rocks and can be identified by size
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Crystalline
Rock that formed mineral grains that fall out of solution by evaporation
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Bioclastic
Rock formed from plant remains and/or living things
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Lithification
The manner in which sedimentary rocks' pieces are held together
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Cementation
Class such as clays, sands and silts are glued together
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Compaction
A reduction in volume of sedimentary layers due to increasing weight of overlaying sediment
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Chemical Action
A rock formed when dissolved minerals in water form crystalline mass of ingrown mineral crystals after evaporating
27
3 Characteristics of sedimentary rocks
1. Form at or near the Earth's surface
2. Forms in horizontal layers
3. May contain fossils
2. Forms in horizontal layers
3. May contain fossils
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Metamorphic
Parent rocks that have been altered or deformed by increases in temperature and/or pressure
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Parent Rock
Preexisting rock from which metamorphic rocks are formed
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Foliation
When minerals rearrange and change form, but do not form layers
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Banding
Type of foliation where pressure separates minerals into alternating light and dark layers
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Nonfoliated
When minerals rearrange and change form, but do not form layers
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Regional Metamorphism
Process in which metamorphic rocks are formed over large areas due to temperature and pressure increase
34
Contact Metamorphism
Process in which preexisting rock change when heat from magma or lava rearranges the minerals (no pressure, just heat!)
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