Rocks
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Igneous
Rocks that form when molten materials solidify
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Magma
Molten rock that is inside the Earth
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Plutonic
Rock that formed deep within the Earth
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Intrusive
Below Earth's crust
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Lava
Molten rock on the Earth's surface
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Volcanic
Rock that formed above the Earth's surface
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Extrusive
Above the Earth's crust
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Crystal Size
Refers to an actual measurement of the individual crystals or aggerate
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Plutonic rocks will have larger/smaller crystals
Larger
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Volcanic rocks will have larger/smaller crystals
Smaller
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Texture
The appearance or character of a rock
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Vesicular
Texture that consists of gas pockets that give the appearance of having holes
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Porphyritic
Texture that contains large crystals in a fine grained matrix
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Felsic
Light colored rocks that have a high aluminum [Al] content and silicon [Si]
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Mafic
Dark colored rocks that have a high iron [Fe] content or magnesium [Mg]
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The lighter the color, the higher/lower the density
Lower
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The darker the color, the higher/lower the density
Higher
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Sedimentary
Rock type that forms from an accumulation of sediment derived preexisting rocks and/or organic material
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Sediment
Solid fragmented material that is transported and deposited in layers on the Earth's surface
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Clastic
Rock that formed from the fragments or pieces of other rocks and can be identified by size
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Crystalline
Rock that formed mineral grains that fall out of solution by evaporation
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Bioclastic
Rock formed from plant remains and/or living things
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Lithification
The manner in which sedimentary rocks' pieces are held together
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Cementation
Class such as clays, sands and silts are glued together
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Compaction
A reduction in volume of sedimentary layers due to increasing weight of overlaying sediment
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Chemical Action
A rock formed when dissolved minerals in water form crystalline mass of ingrown mineral crystals after evaporating
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3 Characteristics of sedimentary rocks
1. Form at or near the Earth's surface
2. Forms in horizontal layers
3. May contain fossils
2. Forms in horizontal layers
3. May contain fossils
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Metamorphic
Parent rocks that have been altered or deformed by increases in temperature and/or pressure
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Parent Rock
Preexisting rock from which metamorphic rocks are formed
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Foliation
When minerals rearrange and change form, but do not form layers
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Banding
Type of foliation where pressure separates minerals into alternating light and dark layers
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Nonfoliated
When minerals rearrange and change form, but do not form layers
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Regional Metamorphism
Process in which metamorphic rocks are formed over large areas due to temperature and pressure increase
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Contact Metamorphism
Process in which preexisting rock change when heat from magma or lava rearranges the minerals (no pressure, just heat!)
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