genetics - translation (functions)

tRNAs with an amino acid are charged

bind mRNA and identify the Start codon for translation, facilitate complementary base-pairing between mRNA codons and tRNA anticodons, catalyze peptide bond formation

fits into the A site displacing the peptidyl-tRNA, hydrolyzes GTP to GDP causing the ribosome to change shape and shift over one position

blocks binding to the A site and premature association of the large subunit

bring the charged tRNA to the P site

blocks association of large subunit

binds to the 5' cap of mRNA

unwinds parts in the 5' untranslated region that may have paired up with itself, uses ATP to promote the ribosome to scan for the Kozak sequence and authentic start codon