Imperialism 4.5-4.8
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1
Balance of trade
difference between a country's imports and exports; shows economic strength
2
Trade surplus
exporting more than importing; increases national wealth
3
Trade deficit
importing more than exporting; leads to debt and dependence
4
Indemnity
forced payment after war; weakened defeated nations
5
Extraterritoriality
foreigners exempt from local laws; reduced sovereignty
6
Taiping Rebellion
massive Chinese civil war; weakened Qing dynasty
7
Sino-Japanese War
war between China and Japan; proved Japan's imperial power
8
Open Door Policy
US policy for equal trade in China; prevented colonization
9
Guang Xu
Chinese emperor; attempted modernization reforms
10
Boxer Uprising
Chinese anti-foreign rebellion; resistance to imperialism
11
Sun Yixian
Chinese revolutionary leader; ended imperial rule
12
Opium War
conflict over opium trade; forced China open to the West
13
Matthew Perry
US naval officer; opened Japan to foreign trade
14
Mutsuhito
Japanese emperor; led modernization during Meiji era
15
Tokyo
capital of Japan; center of modernization
16
Meiji Restoration
period of reform in Japan; transformed Japan into industrial power
17
Diet
Japanese legislature; symbol of modern government
18
Zaibatsu
powerful Japanese businesses; drove industrial growth
19
Homogeneous society
shared culture and identity; helped Japan modernize quickly
20
First Sino-Japanese War
China vs Japan war; Japan gained territory
21
Russo-Japanese War
war between Russia and Japan; first Asian victory over Europe
22
French Indochina
French colony in Southeast Asia; example of imperialism
23
Mongkut
king of Siam; kept country independent through diplomacy
24
Spanish-American War
war between US and Spain; US became imperial power
25
Liliuokalani
queen of Hawaii; overthrown by US business interests
26
Indigenous
native peoples; displaced by imperialism
27
Penal colony
prison settlement; used to control territory
28
Maori
native people of New Zealand; lost land to British settlers
29
Regionalism
loyalty to local areas; weakened national unity
30
Caudillo
Latin American military strongman; dominated politics
31
Benito Juarez
Mexican president; promoted liberal reforms
32
La Reforma
Mexican reform movement; limited church and military power
33
Peonage
debt labor system; trapped workers in poverty
34
Monroe Doctrine
US policy opposing European colonization in Americas
35
Panama Canal
canal linking oceans; increased US trade and influence
36
Confederation
union of states; allowed shared government
37
Dominion
self-governing colony; step toward independence
38
Metis
mixed Indigenous-European group in Canada; resisted expansion
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