Imperialism 4.5-4.8
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Balance of trade
difference between a country's imports and exports; shows economic strength
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Trade surplus
exporting more than importing; increases national wealth
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Trade deficit
importing more than exporting; leads to debt and dependence
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Indemnity
forced payment after war; weakened defeated nations
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Extraterritoriality
foreigners exempt from local laws; reduced sovereignty
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Taiping Rebellion
massive Chinese civil war; weakened Qing dynasty
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Sino-Japanese War
war between China and Japan; proved Japan's imperial power
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Open Door Policy
US policy for equal trade in China; prevented colonization
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Guang Xu
Chinese emperor; attempted modernization reforms
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Boxer Uprising
Chinese anti-foreign rebellion; resistance to imperialism
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Sun Yixian
Chinese revolutionary leader; ended imperial rule
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Opium War
conflict over opium trade; forced China open to the West
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Matthew Perry
US naval officer; opened Japan to foreign trade
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Mutsuhito
Japanese emperor; led modernization during Meiji era
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Tokyo
capital of Japan; center of modernization
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Meiji Restoration
period of reform in Japan; transformed Japan into industrial power
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Diet
Japanese legislature; symbol of modern government
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Zaibatsu
powerful Japanese businesses; drove industrial growth
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Homogeneous society
shared culture and identity; helped Japan modernize quickly
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First Sino-Japanese War
China vs Japan war; Japan gained territory
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Russo-Japanese War
war between Russia and Japan; first Asian victory over Europe
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French Indochina
French colony in Southeast Asia; example of imperialism
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Mongkut
king of Siam; kept country independent through diplomacy
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Spanish-American War
war between US and Spain; US became imperial power
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Liliuokalani
queen of Hawaii; overthrown by US business interests
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Indigenous
native peoples; displaced by imperialism
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Penal colony
prison settlement; used to control territory
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Maori
native people of New Zealand; lost land to British settlers
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Regionalism
loyalty to local areas; weakened national unity
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Caudillo
Latin American military strongman; dominated politics
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Benito Juarez
Mexican president; promoted liberal reforms
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La Reforma
Mexican reform movement; limited church and military power
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Peonage
debt labor system; trapped workers in poverty
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Monroe Doctrine
US policy opposing European colonization in Americas
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Panama Canal
canal linking oceans; increased US trade and influence
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Confederation
union of states; allowed shared government
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Dominion
self-governing colony; step toward independence
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Metis
mixed Indigenous-European group in Canada; resisted expansion
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