Nervous System Anatomy (Chapter 11)
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1
functions of nervous system
controls perception and experience of world
2
the CNS is composed of…?
Brain and spinal cord
3
the PNS is composed of…?
12 cranial nerves and 31 spinal nerves
4
autonomic nervous system
involuntary motor division
5
name of the region where axon originates from cell body
axon hillock
6
cluster of neuron cell bodies CNS
nuclei
7
bundles of axons CNS
tracts
8
clusters of neuron cell bodies PNS
Ganglia
9
bundles of axons PNS
Nerves
10
what neuroglia are part of the PNS?
Schwann cells and satellite cells
11
astrocytes?
blood brain barrier
12
oligodendrocytes
form myelin sheaths in CNS
13
microglia
phagocytes CNS
14
what cells made cerebrospinal fluid?
ependymal cells
15
Schwann cells
myelination in PNS
16
what does the myelin sheath do to the axon?
insulates
17
what is the most common tumor caused by division of glial cells?
gliomas
18
what is lidocaine?
local anesthetic
19
what is the period where sodium channels are INABLE to open called?
absolute refractory period
20
what is the type of conduction when AP jumps from node of ranvier to the next?
saltatory
21
autoimmune disorder where the CNS loses it’s myelin sheaths
multiple Sclerosis (MS)
22
when neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the presynaptic neuron…
reuptake
23
what do you need antivenin for?
neurotoxins
24
what stops the affects of neurotoxins?
antivenin
25
when several PSPs from one presynaptic neuron
temporal summation
26
several PSPs from different neurons
spatial summation
27
what form second messengers?
G-proteins
28
what are the G proteins
alpha, beta, and gamma
29
second messenger derived from atp
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
30
what is caused by an excessive release of dopamine?
Schizophrenia
31
what are antidepressants?
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
32
what is a converging circuit?
neuronal circuit where multiple input neurons converge on ONE postsynaptic neuron
33
synaptic fatigue?
prolonged and intense excitation causing weaker transmission
34
what is caused by abnormal, disorganized electrical activity in the brain?
epilepsy (seizures)
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