Nervous System Anatomy (Chapter 11)
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1
functions of nervous system
controls perception and experience of world
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the CNS is composed of…?
Brain and spinal cord
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the PNS is composed of…?
12 cranial nerves and 31 spinal nerves
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autonomic nervous system
involuntary motor division
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name of the region where axon originates from cell body
axon hillock
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cluster of neuron cell bodies CNS
nuclei
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bundles of axons CNS
tracts
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clusters of neuron cell bodies PNS
Ganglia
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bundles of axons PNS
Nerves
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what neuroglia are part of the PNS?
Schwann cells and satellite cells
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astrocytes?
blood brain barrier
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oligodendrocytes
form myelin sheaths in CNS
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microglia
phagocytes CNS
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what cells made cerebrospinal fluid?
ependymal cells
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Schwann cells
myelination in PNS
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what does the myelin sheath do to the axon?
insulates
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what is the most common tumor caused by division of glial cells?
gliomas
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what is lidocaine?
local anesthetic
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what is the period where sodium channels are INABLE to open called?
absolute refractory period
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what is the type of conduction when AP jumps from node of ranvier to the next?
saltatory
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autoimmune disorder where the CNS loses it’s myelin sheaths
multiple Sclerosis (MS)
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when neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the presynaptic neuron…
reuptake
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what do you need antivenin for?
neurotoxins
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what stops the affects of neurotoxins?
antivenin
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when several PSPs from one presynaptic neuron
temporal summation
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several PSPs from different neurons
spatial summation
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what form second messengers?
G-proteins
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what are the G proteins
alpha, beta, and gamma
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second messenger derived from atp
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
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what is caused by an excessive release of dopamine?
Schizophrenia
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what are antidepressants?
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
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what is a converging circuit?
neuronal circuit where multiple input neurons converge on ONE postsynaptic neuron
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synaptic fatigue?
prolonged and intense excitation causing weaker transmission
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what is caused by abnormal, disorganized electrical activity in the brain?
epilepsy (seizures)
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