Methods for Electrolytes
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1
ISE Membrane for Sodium
Glass aluminum silicate
2
Routine method for Sodium
Ion-Selective Electrode
3
Colorimetry for Sodium
Albanese-Lein
4
Reagent for Sodium
Sodium uranyl zinc acetate
5
End color of Sodium using the reagent
Yellow
6
Reference method for Sodium
FEP + ISE
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Routine Method for Potassium
Ion-Selective Electrode
8
ISE Membrane for Potassium
Valinomycin gel (Ionophore)
9
Colorimetry for Potassium
Lockhead and Purcell
10
Reagent for Potassium
Sodium cobaltinitrite
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End color of Potassium using reagent
Blue
12
Reference method for Potassium
FEP + ISE + AAS
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Mercurimetric Titration for Chloride (SERUM)
Schales and Schales
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Mercurimetric Titration for Chloride (URINE)
Fantus
15
Reagent for Chloride (Mercurimetric Titration)
Mercuric nitrate
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Indicator for Chloride (Mercurimetric Titration)
Diphenylcarbazone
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Color for the indicator of chloride
Blue-violet
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2 Spectrophotometric Assays for Chloride
a. Mercuric Thiocyanate (White Horn) Titration Method
b. Ferric Perchlorate
b. Ferric Perchlorate
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end product color for chloride (Mercuric Thiocyanate Titration Method)
(+) reddish complex end product
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Most commonly used method for Chloride
Ion-Selective Electrode
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IFCC-recommended reference method for chloride
Coulometric Titration with Amperometric end point
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Reference Method for Chloride
Ion Chromatography or Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Method
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2 Precipitation and Redox Titration
a. Clark Collip Precipitation
b. Ferro ham Chloranilic Acid Precipitation
b. Ferro ham Chloranilic Acid Precipitation
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Precipitation and Redox Titration for
Total Calcium
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End product and color of Clark Collip Precipitation
Oxalic acid (purple color)
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Ferro ham Chloranilic Acid Precipitation end product and color
Chloranilic acid (purple color)
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Clark Collip Precipitation (Electrolyte)
Calcium
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Ferro ham Chloranilic Acid Precipitation (Electrolyte)
Calcium
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Test to detect Calcium in urine
Sulkowitch
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Sulkowitch Test (Electrolyte)
Calcium
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Colorimetric Methods for Total Calcium
a. Ortho-Cresolpthalein Complexone (OCC) Dye
b. Arzenazo III Dye
b. Arzenazo III Dye
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End color reaction of Ortho-Cresolpthalein Complexone (OCC) Dye
Red/purple in alkaline solution
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Ortho-Cresolpthalein Complexone (OCC) Dye (Electrolyte)
Calcium
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End color reaction of Arzenazo III Dye
Violet colored complex
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Arzenazo III Dye (Electrolyte)
Calcium
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Reference Method for Calcium
AAS (Atomic Absoption Spectrophotometry)
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Commonly used method to measure serum inorganic PHOSPHATE
Fiske Subbarow or Phosphomolybdate Method
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Phosphomolybdate Method (other name)
Fiske Subbarow
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Most common reducing agent
Pictol (Amino Napthol Sulfonic Acid)
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Product of Pictol
Ammonium-molybdate complex (unstable)
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Colorimetric Methods for Magnesium
a. Calgamite
b. Formazan Dye
c. Methylthymol Blue
b. Formazan Dye
c. Methylthymol Blue
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Most commonly used method for MAGNESIUM
Calgamite
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Calgamite end color
(+) reddish-violet (alkaline pH at 530nm)
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Dye-Lake Method (Dye)
Titan Yellow Dye or (Clayton Yellow or Thiazole Yellow)
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Reference Method for Magnesium
AAS (Atomic Absoption Spectrophotometry)
46
Measures free Magnesium
Ion Selective Electrode (neutral ionophores)
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ISE Membrane for Magnesium
Neutral carrier polymer
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Sample for Bicarbonate
Blood (anaerobically collected)
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Sample Precaution for Bicarbonate
If the sample is left UNCAPPED before analysis, levels decrease by 6 mmol/L/hour
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BICARBONATE collection
CAPPED
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pH if uncapped for Bicarbonate
High pH
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Methods for Bicarbonate
1. Ion-selective electrode (using the pCO electrode)
2. Enzymatic (Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and dehydrogenase using alkaline reagent)
2. Enzymatic (Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and dehydrogenase using alkaline reagent)
53
FEP colors (Potassium)
Violet
54
FEP colors (Sodium)
Yellow
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FEP colors (Copper)
Green
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FEP colors (Lithium)
Pink to Red
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FEP colors (Strontium)
Red
58
FEP colors (Calcium)
Orange
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FEP colors (Barium)
Lime Green
60
FEP colors (Iron)
Gold
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Specialized membrane (Na)
Hydrated silicate glass
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Specialized membrane (K)
Valinomycin
63
Specialized membrane (Cl)
Silver chloride/ Silver sulfate
64
Specialized membrane (Ca)
Polyvinyl chloride
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