Carbohydrates 2
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1
What is a polysaccharide?
A polysaccharide is formed when more than two monosaccharides are joined together by condensation reactions.
2
What is amylose made of?
Amylose is made of many α-glucose molecules joined by glycosidic bonds.
3
Why do plants store glucose as starch?
Plants store glucose as starch so they can break it down into glucose when more energy is needed.
4
What are the two polysaccharides in starch?
Starch is made up of amylose and amylopectin, both are polysaccharides of α-glucose.
5
What is the structure of amylose?
Amylose is a long, unbranched chain of α-glucose with a coiled structure, making it compact and good for storage.
6
What feature of amylopectin makes glucose release faster?
The branched structure of amylopectin allows enzymes to reach glycosidic bonds easily, leading to quicker glucose release.
7
Why is starch good for storage in plant cells?
Starch is insoluble in water and doesn’t affect water potential, preventing cells from swelling.
8
How can you test for starch?
Add iodine in potassium iodide solution to the sample; if starch is present, it turns from brown-orange to dark blue-black.
9
What is glycogen used for in animals?
Glycogen is the main energy storage material in animals, storing excess glucose for energy.
10
How does the structure of glycogen aid in quick glucose release?
Glycogen has many side branches, allowing for quicker glucose release.
11
What is cellulose made of?
Cellulose is made of long, unbranched chains of β-glucose.
12
How do β-glucose molecules form cellulose chains?
β-glucose molecules form straight chains that link through hydrogen bonds to create strong fibers called myofibrils.
13
What is the main structural role of cellulose in plants?
Cellulose provides structural support as the main component of plant cell walls.
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