Tregs
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1
What is the main function of cytokines in innate?
(produced by many different cell types) to increase acute-phase reactants and recruit WBC to area of infection
2
How are cytokines for adaptive immune response different from innate?
secreted mainly by T cells (especially Th cells)
3
What are the 3 main subclasses of Th cells?
1. T helper 1 (Th1)
2. T helper 2 (Th2)
3. T regulatory cells (Treg)
2. T helper 2 (Th2)
3. T regulatory cells (Treg)
4
What is the other subset of Th that takes part both innate and adaptive response?
T helper 17 (Th17)
5
What is the differentiation of Th1, Th2, and Treg cells influenced by (general)?
spectrum of cytokines expressed in initial response
6
What triggers Th1 expression?
IL-12 by dendritic cells
7
What is Th1 primarily responsible for?
cell-mediated immunity
8
What is the primary purpose of Th2?
drive antibody-mediated immunity
9
What regulates Th2?
IL-4
10
What are Tregs derived from?
naïve T cells in response to TGF-B
11
What is the general purpose of Tregs?
helps regulate the activities of Th1 and Th2
12
How is the differentiation of Th1 cells triggered?
IL-12 (released from damaged dc, mq, and B cells) binds receptor to naïve T cells and cause differentiation to Th1
13
What cytokines are produced from Th1?
Interferon-y (IFN-y) and Interleukin-2 (IL-2)
14
What is Th1 responsible for (from ppt)?
1. promotes tumor immunity
2. protect against intracellular pathogens
3. drives autoimmunity
2. protect against intracellular pathogens
3. drives autoimmunity
15
What cytokines are produced from Th2?
IL-4 and IL-10
16
What is necessary for lymphocyte activation when MHC is recognized by T cell?
co-stimulatory signal (CD80 or CD86)
17
What is Th2 responsible for (from ppt)?
1. extracellular pathogens
2. allergy
3. asthma
2. allergy
3. asthma
18
What do Tregs express?
CD25+, CD4, Foxp3
19
What is the purpose of Tregs?
1. suppress immune response to self
2. promote immune tolerance
3. secrete inhib cytokines
4. control inflammation and immune mechanisms by suppression
2. promote immune tolerance
3. secrete inhib cytokines
4. control inflammation and immune mechanisms by suppression
20
What is the purpose of IL-10 and TGF-B?
keeps immune response in check at environmental interfaces (like colon and lungs)
21
What is the purpose of Foxp3?
modulate and suppresses activity of other T cells
22
Where are Tregs CD4+ CD25+ selected?
in thymus
23
What is the key role of Tregs? (book)
establishing peripheral tolerance to a wide variety of self-antigens, allergens, tumor antigens, transplant antigens, and infectious agents
24
How do CD4+ CD25+ Tregs establish tolerance?
through actions of TGF-B
25
What does TGF-B do?
induce expression of Foxp3
26
What is Foxp3?
transcription factor that causes Treg cells to suppress activity of other T cells
27
What is the purpose of Tregs in transplanted tissue?
help establish tolerance to the graft by the host immune and through the alteration of antigen presentation
28
What do Tregs induce?
IL-10 and TGF-B in adaptive T regulatory 1 (Tr1) cells
29
What does TGF-B do?
downregulates function of APCs and blocks proliferation and cytokine production by CD4+ T cells
30
How does Tregs limit autoimmunity?
network of cytokines to establish peripheral tolerance to certain antigens
31
Where is Treg featured prominently?
autoimmune and auto-inflammatory disorder
32
What kind of regulation is Treg?
negative regulation of immune-mediated inflammation
33
What are Treg's functions (from last picture in ppt)?
1. suppress tumor immunity
2. promote immune tolerance
3. maintains lymphocyte homeostasis
2. promote immune tolerance
3. maintains lymphocyte homeostasis
34
What do Th1 and Th17 affect?
Cytotoxic T cells and mq --> cell-mediated immunity
35
What do Th2 (and Th9) affect?
mast cells, B cells, eosinophils --> humoral immunity
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