Chapter 1: SARS-COV-2

Fungi
Protozoa
Algae

Prokaryotes (bacteria and archea)

archea (prokaryote) that can live in hostile areas

archea (prokaryote) whose metabolism releases methane

consume organic food

Protists (protozoa)

bacteria that feed on inorganic material

tickbite

gram-negative rod

reservoir
portal of entry
means of transmission

infection to appearance of symptoms

Understand the relationships between microorganisms (anatomy and physiology) environment and human health + disease

study of fungi

study of viruses

envelop (lipid means suseptible to detergents)

understand how microbes inherit traits

study of genes from all organisms in population (alive and dead)

viral respiratory tract infection (pnemonia)

mutations of spike protein locations (antibody binding spots)

spike protein binds to ACE II cells

*reservoir= humans and some animals (bats)
*portal of entry= respiratory tract (conjuctiva of eyes going into nasolacrimal duct, oral cavity, esophagus)
*transmission= direct contact (droplets and aerosolized) indirect contact= on surfaces upto 3 dys

2-14 dys (<2 weeks)

*virus in host cell (multiplies through taking over replicative machinary, destroying cell in process) (Stage 1) and releasing new virus (infects neighbor cells)
*immune system triggers inflamatory response (Stage 2)
*Infection spreads to lower respiratory tract (alveolar cells and otehr organs with ACE2 receptors) result= pneumonia (poor gas exchange with blood) (stage 3)
*Inflammatory response can result in dramatic drop in blood pressure, leaky blood vessels, formation of blood clots, and organ failure

virus infect host cells and replicates itself
(Asymptomatic State)

Immune system triggers inflammatory response
(couph, fever, shortness of breath, chills, muscle pain, fatigue, headache, loss of taste/or smell, sore throat, nausea, diarrhea)

infection spreads to lower resp tract (with ACE2 receptors) leads to pneumonia (poor gas exchange with blood)
*Hypoxia within 8-12 dys
*pneumonia, difficulty breathing, persistent chest pain/pressure, confusion, inability to stay awake, bluish lips or skin

*leaky blood vessels
*low blood pressure
*formation of blood clots
*organ failure
*seizures/strokes/heart attack
*mortality
*pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome
*chronic fatigue
*Long Covid

Vaccines, social distancing, masks N95, hand washing and sanitization of surfaces, testing

PCR test (looks for viral genetic material RNA)
Antigen Test

*Monoclonal antibodies
*Antiviral drugs
*Immnomodulators