Patho Ch. 24
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1
RBCs, platelets, granulocytes, monocytes and macrophage lineage
What blood cells are produced by myeloid stem cells?
2
bone marrow
What is considered myeloid tissue?
3
lymphocytes
What blood cells are produced by lymphoid stem cells?
4
nodes, thymus, spleen
What tissues are considered primary lymphoid tissue?
5
eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils
What cells are considered granulocytes?
6
NK cells, T-cells, B-cells
What cells are considered lymphocytes and derive from lymphoid stem cells?
7
cytokines
What supports the growth factors used to control the growth and reproduction of different stem cells?
8
relatively short (other than memory cells)
What is the life span of the WBC?
9
leukopenia
Abnormally low white blood cell count
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neutropenia
deficiency of neutrophils
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granulocytopenia
a condition in which the number of granulocytes in the blood is lower than normal
12
neonatal neutropenia, cyclic, kostmann syndrome
What are some congenital causes of neutropenia?
13
Kostmann syndrome
a group of diseases that affect myelopoiesis, causing a congenital form of neutropenia (severe congenital neutropenia or SCN) usually without other physical malformations
14
autoimmune, drug related, radiation therapy, hematologic malignancies
What are some causes of acquired neutropenia?
15
bacterial or fungal infections (unable to fight infections)
What are the signs and symptoms of neutropenia?
16
fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, sore throat, the appearance in the blood of atypical lymphocytes and several antibodies, hepatitis, anorexia, hepatosplenomegaly
What are the characteristic s/s of infectious mononucleosis?
17
lymphomas, leukemias, multiple myeloma
What are the overarching categories of neoplastic disorders of hematopoietic and lymphoid origin?
18
low grade, intermediate grade, high grade
What are the categories of non-hodgkin lymphomas?
19
Burkitt and non-Burkitt lymphomas, immunoblastic (b-cell) and lymphoblastic (t-cell)
What are the types of high grade lymphomas?
20
reed-sternberg cells
cells that are present in a biopsy of lymph node tissue r/t Hodgkin lymphoma
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no symptoms
What are symptoms present in stage A Hodgkin lymphoma?
22
weight loss, fevers, pruritus, night sweats
What are the symptoms of stage B Hodgkin lymphoma?
23
fatigue, anemia, involvement of liver, lungs, digestive tract, and CNS
What are the symtpoms of advanced stage Hodgkin lymphoma?
24
arises in a single node or chain of nodes (usually above the diaphragm); reed-sternberg cells are present
What are the defining characteristics of Hodgkin lymphoma?
25
originates at extranodal sites and spreads to anatomically contiguous nodes (usually retroperitoneum, pelvis, mesentery); reed-sternberg cells are NOT present
What are the defining characteristics of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma?
26
18-30 yo
What age group is Hodgkin lymphoma most common in?
27
retuximab
What drug is used for the treatment of non hodgkin lymphoma?
28
leukemia
malignant neoplasms arising from the transformation of a single blood cell line (lymphoid or myeloid)
29
leukemic cells
poorly differentiated blast cells that proliferate rapidly and have a long life span
30
fatigue, pallor, weight loss, nosebleeds, repeated infections, easy bruising
What are the classic signs of acute leukemias?
31
chronic leukemias have well-differentiated cells
What is the difference in cancer cells for acute and chronic leukemias?
32
tumor lysis syndrome
life-threatening condition that occurs when large numbers of cancer cells are killed or damaged simultaneously and release their intracellular contents into the bloodstream causing metabolic and electrolyte disturbances
33
multiple myeloma
a plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by expansion of a single clone of Ig producing plasma cells and a RESULTANT INCREASE IN SERUM LEVELS OF A SINGLE MONOCLONAL Ig or its fragments
34
proliferation and activation of osteoclasts, pathologic fractures, pain, hypercalcemia
What are the s/s of multiple myeloma?
35
osteoclasts
cells that break down bone
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