Volcanoes + Sedimentary

silicate melt, solids, and volitiles; chunky, gassy stew

eruption with hot mafic lava with low viscosity

eruption type with viscous lava with high gas content

Volcano types (5)

volcano with effusive eruption

volcano with alternating effusive and explosive eruptions

volcano with small explosive fountaining and sometimes lava

volcano that’s a circular mound shaped protrusion resulting from slow extrusion of viscous lava that piles up around the vent rather than running away

volcano with violent eruption that has stages

Lava types (3)

Products of volcanism

Pyroclastic Debris sizes

fast moving slurry of volcanic ash, rock, and water

loose fragments of rocks or minerals that precipitate out of water

rock and sediment altered by interaction with organic material, rainwater, and organisms

lithified sediment

mechanically breaking apart rocks

chemical reactions that alter, destroy, or create minerals

Weathering rates vary with (4)

Sedimentary rocks formation (2)

made from fragments of pre-existing rocks

Clastic sedimentary rocks are classified by (3)

Chemical and Biochemical rocks were...

limestone deposited by springs

limestone from mud

limestone from planktonic shells

limestone with visible fossils

single layer of sediment/sedrock with recognizable top and bottom

planar features that separate beds

group of beds

sequence of beds distinct enough to be traced as a unit across a large region

elongated ridges that form on a bed surface perpendicular to flow that can provide information about current direction

clay minerals shrink as water is removed

a steep pile of sediment on the sea floor suddenly slumps into a canyon or off a steep edge. As it falls, the coarsest sediment is deposited first and progressively finer and finer sediment is deposited

sediment is deposited in places where transporting agent no longer has enough energy to carry the sediment

glacial, streams, sand dunes, lakes

beach, river deltas, shallow marine, deep marine

alternating marine invasions and retreats driven primarily by global sea-level changes