BIO 203 EXAM #2
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1
Decidual reaction
endometrial changes due to implantation (provides an area safe from the mothers immune system for embryo)
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Salpingectomy
Removal of uterine tube containing embryo (licit under double effect)
- Makes future pregs more diff
- Oocyte from that side not able to reach uterus as easily
- Makes future pregs more diff
- Oocyte from that side not able to reach uterus as easily
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Salpingostomyfunctions offuncti
Removal of embryo from uterine tube, leaving tube intact
-Disagreement on licitness
-Disagreement on licitness
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Functions of Fertility Cycle
Produces oocytes, conserves energy, protects against pahtogens
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Produces oocytes (functions of fertility cycle)
New oocyte needed after the prev one degenerates
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Conserves energy (functions of the fertility cycle)
Maintaining the endometrium needs a lot of energy
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Protects against pathogens (functions of the fertility cycle)
Shedding of the uterine lining cleans tissues of pathogens; cervical mucus also keeps pathogens out for most of cycle
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Preovulatory phase
from menustration to ovulation; can be variable. Ovulation cannot be predicted based on menustruation
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Post-ovulatory phase
ovulation to beginning of menustruation; relaitvely constant, menustration can be predicted based on ovulation
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Standard phases of fertility cycle
Menstrual, proliferative, secretory
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Menstrual phase
Bleeding (day 1 of cycle), surface layer of endometrium lost, but deep layer remains
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Menarche
Onset of menustruation
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Why does menopause occur?
Lack of follicles (estrogen decreases)
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Proliferative Phase
-FSH peaks shortly before ovulation, stims follicle development
-Estrogen levels rise, produced by mature follicle; thickens endometrium, aids implantation, promotes cilia growth in uterine tube, creates fertile cervical mucus
-LH surge occurs (ovulation), causes follicle to become corpus luteum
-Estrogen levels rise, produced by mature follicle; thickens endometrium, aids implantation, promotes cilia growth in uterine tube, creates fertile cervical mucus
-LH surge occurs (ovulation), causes follicle to become corpus luteum
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Corpus luteum
follicle cells left in ovary after ovulation
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Ovulation happens, corpus luteum is created: profuces estorgen and progesterone
-Progesterone rises, thickens cervical mucus, promotes nutrient secretion in uterine tubes, prevents new follicle development, increases body temp
-Progesterone rises, thickens cervical mucus, promotes nutrient secretion in uterine tubes, prevents new follicle development, increases body temp
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Hormonal Fwrtility Suppression usually contains what?
A progestin and xenoestrogens
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Progestin
synthetic progestogen
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Progestogen
a group of hormones with a similar chemical structure (progesterone is a natural pregestogen)
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Xenoestrogen
molecule that acts similarly to human estrogen
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Hormonal methods of action (fertolity suppression)
-Block hormonal signals for ovulation
-Create hormonal signals that thicken cervical mucus
-Prevent full growth of endometrial lining
-Create hormonal signals that thicken cervical mucus
-Prevent full growth of endometrial lining
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IVF Steps
1. Stimulation of oocyte production
2. Removal of multiple oocytes
3. Collection of sperm
4. Combining spwrm and oocytes
5. Embryo preservation
6. Embryo transfer
2. Removal of multiple oocytes
3. Collection of sperm
4. Combining spwrm and oocytes
5. Embryo preservation
6. Embryo transfer
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Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Injection of sperm into oocyte
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Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)
Removal of a blastomere for genetic testing
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Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)
introduction of sperm and oocyte into Fallopian tubes
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Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)
ART can cause this
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