Air Quality
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1
for water, 1 ppm is equal to what?
1 mg/L
2
PM10 describes what size particles?
diameter less than 10 microns (um)
3
for air, what is 1 ppmv equal to?
1 mg/m^3 air
4
transport of a smole trail or plume from a pollution source is dependent on what?
stability of the atm
5
which type of atomspheric condition is ideal for pollution dispersion/dillution?
unstable/super adiabatic
6
what phase technology is incineration?
gas-phase
7
the clean air act (CAA) introduced what standards?
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), hazardous air pollutant stds (NESHAPs), and standards for vehicles to reduce harmful emissions
8
the clean air act amendment made what changes?
regulated ozone depletion, control technologies, leaded fuel ban, and force non-attainment with fines
9
what are the three ways gas constituents can be removed?
absorption, adsorption, and combustion
10
what type of gas constituent removal technologies can be used for absorption?
spray chambers, scrubbers, towers, and packed columns
11
what type of gas constituent removal technologies can be used for adsorption?
packed adsorbent towers
12
what type of gas constituent removal technologies can be used for combustion?
afterburners and catalytic converters
13
what is the difference between absorption and adsorption?
absorption goes from gas phase to liquid phase and absorption goes from gas phase to solid phase
14
how does combustion work?
contaminant gas is oxidized to an inert gas
15
what type of gas contaminants can be treated by combustion?
methane, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons
16
what are the two different types of combustion?
direct flame combustion and catalytic combustion
17
what are the five types of particulate constitutent removal technology?
sedimentation, impaction/cyclones, filtration, liquid scrubbing, and electrostatic precipitation
18
how does sedimentation work?
removal of particles large enough to settle under force of gravity (settling chamber)
19
how does impaction/cyclones work?
centrifugal force causes particles to impact surface
20
what are the two types of asdhesion that can be utilized for filtration?
chemical and physical
21
how does liquid scrubbing work?
it combines the soption process of spray chamber with impaction force of cyclone
22
liquid scrubbing is used for what type of particulates?
wet, corrosive, or hot
23
how does electrostatic precipiation work?
current is applied between wires and plates and the ion field creates negatively charged particles that migrate to the positively charged plate
24
when is ESP often used?
remove fly ash from fossil fuel furnaces
25
how many moles of nitrogen are needed per mole of oxygen
3.76
26
what is the stability of the atmosphere when the environmental lapse rate is the same as dry adiabatic lapse rate?
neutral
27
what is fugitive PM?
PM that has not passed through a stack before being released to the air
28
what type of air pollutants does a baghouse remove?
air pollutants that are particulates (not gases)
29
how do you convert ppm to mg/m^3 for an ideal gas?
ppm * MW/24.45
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