BIOCHEM NUCLEIC ACIDS
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Polymers in which repeating unit is nucleotide
Nucleic Acids
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Where are nucleic acids found? nature?
Found in nucleus and are acidic in nature
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Two Types of Nucleic Acids
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid and RNA: Ribonucleic Acid
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Where can you find DNA
Found within cell nucleus
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Function of DNA
Storage and transfer of genetic information
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Where can you find RNA
Occurs in all parts of cell
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Function of RNA
synthesize the proteins
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What does a nucleotide contain
Pentose Sugar (monossacharide), Phosphate group, and a heretocyclic base
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What type of pentose sugar is present in RNA
Ribose
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What type of pentose sugar is present in DNA
2- deoxyribose
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Structural difference in pentose sugar in RNA and DNA
OH group present on carbon 2’ in ribose
H atom present on carbon in 2-deoxyribose
H atom present on carbon in 2-deoxyribose
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What are the 5 bases
thymine (T), cytosine (C), and uracil (U), adenine (A) and guanine (G)
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Three pyrimidine derivatives
thymine (T), cytosine (C), and uracil (U)
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Two purine derivatives
adenine (A) and guanine (G)
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bases found in both DNA and RNA
Adenine (A), guanine (G), and cytosine (C)
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found only in RNA
Uracil (U)
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found only in DNA
Thymine (T)
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The formation of a nucleotide from sugar, base, and phosphate
pentose sugar and nitrogenous base react to form a “Nucleoside”
Nucleoside reacts with a phosphate group to form a “Nucleotide”
Nucleoside reacts with a phosphate group to form a “Nucleotide”
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8 nucleosides associated with nucleic acid chemistry
Four ribonucleosides– RNA
Four deoxyribonucleosides – DNA
Four deoxyribonucleosides – DNA
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Nomenclature For pyrimidine bases
suffix -idine is used (cytidine, thymidine, uridine)
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Nomenclature For Purine bases
suffix -osine is used (ddenosine, guanosine)
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Addition of a phosphate group to a nucleoside
Attached to C5” position through a phosphate-ester bond
Condensation reaction (H2O released)
Named by appending 5’-monophosphate to nucleoside name
Condensation reaction (H2O released)
Named by appending 5’-monophosphate to nucleoside name
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referred to as nucleic acid backbone
Sugar-phosphate groups
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