Microbiology

Prokaryotic
No membrane bound organelles
no nucleus
single celled

Bacillus
Coccus
Vibrio

Rod shaped
E.coli

Sphere shaped

Curved rod shape

variations in size and shape among same cells, usually in harsh conditions

no cell wall
easy to treat
lack of research

Thicker outter layer of peptidoglycan
teichoic acid
gram stain is purple

thin layer of peptidoglycan, sandwhiched between outer membrane and plasma membrane
gram stain will be pink

stains the constituents of the cell wall

any formation of bacteria coating a surface
Ex. paque, dog bowls, toilets

encompasses the slime layer, outside of the bacteria layers
what biofilm is built off of
protects the cell
sometimes called a capsule

Circular extra cellular chromosomal
carry infection site
antibiotic resistance site

1 flagella

1 flagella on each hand

a tuff of flagella on one end

falgella all around the surface

movement in response to a chemical stimulus

movement in response to light

counterclockwise movement
Cells swim in a smooth linear direction

flagellum reverses direction, causing cell to stop and change course
repellants cause numerous tumbles

similar in structure to falgella, but smaller
more abundant
exclusive to movement
microtubules

axial filament
attached at periplasmic space
retracts like a slinky

similar to cilia, but m roe vital to attatchment not movement
found in lower intestines

send across infectious agents or genetic material across cells
aids in reproduction

cytoplasmic membrane, bacterial chromosome(nucleoiod), ribosomes, cytoplasm

S-layer, fimriae, outer membrane, cell wall, actin cytoskeleton, pilus, capsule, inclusion, plasmid, endospore, intracellular membrane

single layers of thousands copies of a single protein linked together
aid in attatchment
only produce in extreme conditions

produced when bacteria are in a fatal environment
made to perserve genetic material
withstand heat, drying, freezing, chemicals

Bacillus
Clostridium
Clostridioides
Sporolactobaciillus
Sporosarcina

Vegetative cell depleted nutrients
chromosome is duplicated and separated
cell is sepatated into sporandium and forespore
sporangium engulfs forespore
sporangium actively synthesize endospore layers around forespore
cortex and outer coat layers deposited
mature endospore
free endospore is released with the loss of sporangium
germination: endospore swells and releases vegetatie cell

C. diff
anthrax
tetanus
gas gangrene
botulism

few circular chromosomes
70S
hook, rings, hallow filament flagella
peptidoglycan
fatty acids with ester linkages in cell membrane lipids
no sterols in membrane

also few circular chromosomes 70S (but similar to 80S)
Soid fimbrial-like structure called archaellum
no peptidoglycan
long-chain branched hydrocarbons with ether linkages in CM lipids
no sterols in membrane

several linear chromosomes
80S
9 + 2 microtubule arrangment flagella
no peptidoglycan in cell wall
fatty acids with ester linkages in CM lipids
sterols in membrane

Inoculation
Incubation
Isolation
Inspection
Identification

Sample placed with meida

incubator creates proper growth conditions to grow bacteria

Once cultures are grown, they re re-inoculated to separate species

colonies are observed macroscopically and microscopically

species level identification of isolated microbe using biochemical tests, immunologic tests, and genetic analysis