ATOMS AND ISOTOPES
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1
Democritus (460-370 BC)
- “atomos”
- aka “discontinuous matter”
- aka “discontinuous matter”
2
“there can be no ultimately indivisible particles
Plato and Aristotle
3
Elements are composed of extremely
small particles, called atoms.
small particles, called atoms.
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
4
All atoms of a given element are
identical, having the same size, mass,
and chemical properties. The atoms of
one element are different from the atoms
of all other elements.
identical, having the same size, mass,
and chemical properties. The atoms of
one element are different from the atoms
of all other elements.
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
5
Who discovered electrons?
Joseph John Thompson
6
Was the first component of the atom to be
Electron
7
What is the mass of electron?
9.109 x 10-31 kg
8
One of the components of a nucleus
Protons
9
Charge of electron
-1.602 x 10-19 coulombs
10
Who discovered protons?
Eugene Goldstein
11
Mass of protons
1.673 x 10-27 kg
12
Charge of protons
+1.602 x 10-19 coulombs
13
Another component of a nucleus
Neutrons
14
Who discovered neutrons?
James Chadwick in 1932
15
Mass of neutrons
1.675 x 10-27 kg
16
Does neutrons have charge?
They don't have charge
17
number of () in the nucleus of an atom
of an element, also the number of ()
in an atom
of an element, also the number of ()
in an atom
protons and electrons
18
This quantity is fundamental to the identity of
each element because it is related to the
electrical make-up of atom
each element because it is related to the
electrical make-up of atom
Atomic number
19
This quantity is fundamental to the identity of
each element because it is related to the
electrical make-up of atom, therefore:
each element because it is related to the
electrical make-up of atom, therefore:
Atomic # = # of protons = # of electrons
20
total number of protons and neutrons on the
nucleus of nucleons
nucleus of nucleons
Mass number
21
total number of protons and neutrons on the
nucleus of nucleons, therefore:
nucleus of nucleons, therefore:
mass # = # of protons + # of neutrons
22
atoms of the same element with the same
atomic number, but different mass numbers.
atomic number, but different mass numbers.
Isotopes
23
they have the same number of
protons and electrons but different number of
neutrons.
protons and electrons but different number of
neutrons.
Isotopes
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