Thoracic Wall Overview Part 1
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1
total number of ribs
24 total, 12 pairs
2
which are the true ribs and how do they attach
true ribs 1-7 direct sternum attachment
3
which are the false ribs and how do they attach
false ribs 8-10 indirect sternum attachment
4
which are the floating ribs
11 and 12
5
- central area of body not including extremities and head/neck - includes vertebral column (most) and thorax
trunk (torso)
6
- sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae - protects heart, lungs and other essential structures
thorax
7
what is the function of the ribcage
aids in T-spine stability
8
what are the parts of the sternum
manubrium, manubriosternal joint, costochondral joints, costal cartilages, interchondral joints
9
what are the joints of the thoracic wall
sternocostal joints, costochondral joints, interchondral joints, costovertebral and costotransverse joints
10
what type of joint are the sternocostal joints
planar (gliding)
11
what are the parts of the sternocostal joints
true ribs and sternum
12
joints between costal cartilage
interchondral joints
13
what are the parts of the costochondral joints
ribs and costal cartilage
14
what are the functions of the costovertebral and costotransverse joints
- allows elevation and depression of ribs - alight rotation of ribs
15
what is the structure of the diaphragm
seperates thoracic and abdominal cavities
16
what is the primary function of the diaphragm
inspiration
17
what is the mechanism of action of the diaphragm
contraction of diaphragm, moves inferior to fill lungs, partial vacuum
18
what are the primary muscles of the respiratory muscles
diaphragm, intercostal muscles
19
what is the function of the external intercostal muscles
elevates ribs, inspiration
20
what is the function of the internal intercostal muscles
depress ribs, expiration
21
how many accessory muscles aid in respiration
15
22
what are some of the accessory muscles of respiration
major muscles of anterior and posterior trunk and neck, pecs, traps, abdominals, SCM, scalenes
23
what are the primary muscles in inhalation
diaphragm and external intercostals
24
what is the mechanism of exhalation
- diaphragm and external intercostals relax, air is expelled
25
what is another term for forced inhalation
hyperpnea
26
biophysiological response to increased oxygen demand (exercise, stress, fever, high altitude, hypoxia)
forced inhalation/hyperpnea
27
what are the muscles involved in forced inhalation
increased respiration rate and accessory muscle use - accessory muscles: scalenes, SCM, pec major/minor, serratus anterior, latissimus dorsi
28
what are the muscles involved in forced exhalation
intercostals, transversus thoracis, abdominals contract
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