chem 142 exam 4

loses electrons, becomes more postitive
- is the reducing agent

gains electrons, becomes more negative
- is the oxidizing agent

cite of oxidation

cite of reduction

direction of electron flow

direction of positive ion flow

direction of negative ion flow

maintains charge neutrality

most ___ element replaces ___ active element

the more positive the E* value, the more readily the reactant will act as a ____
bc it is the oxidizing agent= gets reduced= gaining/taking electrons

the more negative the E* value, the more readily the product will act as a ____

signs of ΔG and Ecell for spontaneous reactions

each atom contributes one electron to the shared pair

one atom donates both electrons to the shared pair; one atom acts as the sole electron donor

consists of a central metal ion covalently bonded to two or more anions or molecules called ligands

molecule or anions bonded to central metal ion; must have at least one unshared pair of valence electrons

the atom in the lignand that is bound directly to the metal atom (the atom givin up electrons)

number of donor atoms surrounding the central metal atom in a complex ion

1 donor atom

2 donor atoms

more than two donor atoms

compounds in which ligands are arranged differently around the central atom; have distinctly different physical and chemical properties
there are two types: geometric and optical

stereoisomers that cannot be interconverted w/o breaking chemical bonds; come in pairs: cis and trans

two particular atoms are adjacent to each other

atoms are on the opposite sides in the structural formula

nonsuperimposable mirror images; two objects cannot be rotated or placed on top of each other so that all points match

high ionization energy(takes more energy to remove electrons bc they're held tighter together) =

low electronegativity(takes less energy to remove electrons) =