Bio
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1
Ecology
Study of interactions between organisms and their environment
2
Trophic Levels
Producer, Primary Consumer, Secondary Consumer, Tertiary Consumer
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10% Rule
Only 10% of energy in one trophic is passed onto the next.
4
Ecological Pyramids
Pyramid of Numbers
Pyramid of Energy
Pyramid of Biomass
Pyramid of Energy
Pyramid of Biomass
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Food Chains
A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
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Food Webs
Interconnected food chains that show feeding relationships in an ecosystem
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Abiotic vs Biotic
Abiotic - Non Living
Biotic - Living
Biotic - Living
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Symbiotic Relationships
Relationships with dependency on two organisms
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3 Types of Symbiotic Relationships
Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism
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Parasitism
One benefits, other harmed; dog and tick
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Mutualism
Both benefit; bee and flower
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Commensalism
One benefits, other unaffected; whale and barnacles
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Levels of Organization
organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, and biosphere.
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Survivorship Curves
Number of individuals surviving to each age for a group
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Three Types of Survivorship Curves
1,2,3
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Demography
Study of Population
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Population Dynamics
Changes in population through time and space
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Three Ways for Counting Population
Random Sampling
Mark & Recapture
Quadrant Sampling
Mark & Recapture
Quadrant Sampling
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Random Sampling
Each member has an equal chance of inclusion
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Mark & Recapture
Capture small number, mark them and release. Catch another group, count # of marks.
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Quadrant Sampling
Organisms counted directly, then used to estimate rest of habitat.
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Species Diversity
Number of different species in biosphere.
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Species Richness
Number of species in a community
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Photosynthesis
Occurs only in plants
Plant makes glucose from light, carbon dioxide, and water
Plant makes glucose from light, carbon dioxide, and water
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What organelle hosts photosynthesis
Chloroplast
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Where in the plant does photosynthesis occur?
leaves
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Reactants and products of photosynthesis
Reactants: CO2 and H2O
Products: C6H12O6 (glucose) and O2
Products: C6H12O6 (glucose) and O2
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Cellular Respiration
Cell turns glucose into energy
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Where does Cellular Respiration occur
Mitochondria
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Reactants and Products of Cellular Respiration
Reactants: C6H12O6 (glucose) 6O2
Products: 6CO2, 6H2O, and ATP
Products: 6CO2, 6H2O, and ATP
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Carbon Cycle
flow of carbon between atmosphere and earth
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States of Carbon Cycle
Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, Decomposition, Combustion
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Water Cycle
Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation
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Cells
basic structural units of life (smallest too)
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Cell Wall
Prokaryotic cells, plant cells, outside plasma membrane, protection
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Cytoplasm
Jellylike material that surrounds organelles
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Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
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Nucleus
Control center of the cell
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Vacuoles
Saclike structures that store materials like water and proteins
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Lysosomes
Small organelles filled with enzymes
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Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell
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Golgi Bodies
Sort proteins and other substances and packages them
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2 Cell Types
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
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