LON: Creation and Successes

20-25 million deaths

set out aims, created mandates commission and PICJ

self-determination, disarmament, end secret treaties and alliances, LON

US disliked imperialism, FR wanted harsh German punishment whilst GB didn't, Arabs wanted land and resources now that Ottoman empire was defeated

unanimous, a few scheduled meeting per year, first 4: FR GB IT JP, Germany joined in 1926 but left and was replaced by USSR in 1933

important decisions - majority vote, routine decisions - unanimous

permanent, led by Secretary General, admin

GB and FR only major powers on council, No USA - largest economy weakened collective security, losing powers not members at first eg. Germany - 'victors' club', mandates handed German colonies to its enemies, USSR rogue nation

1920, owned by Finland after it broke from Russia 1917, 95% Swedish, granted considerable autonomy with new law May 1920, 2 campaigners charged with high treason June 1920

Finland keep islands, Swedish lang and customs stay, islands demilitarised

1921, wanted by Germany and Poland - rich in coal and industrial resources, plebiscite - 54% in favour of Germany, Polish workers claimed they were forced to vote for Germany - uprising

2/3 to Germany, Poland got more economic resources, German-Polish cooperation commission

1923, 5 Italians murdered on Greek soil, Mussolini invaded Corfu in retaliation

Italy withdraw, Greece pay 50 million Lire compensation

1925, two Greek border guards killed, Greek invasion

withdrawal of all troops within 60 hours, Greece pay 30 million Bulgarian Lev compensation

large German populations in Western Poland and the Sudetenland, "off the record" talks to gain nations' confidence, needed after redrawing of Europe due to TOV

"off the record" talks unpopular with minorities, 16 out of 395 petitions accepted by League went to the council - only 4 resulted in anything, Germany, Italy and Spain had not signed minorities treaty

over 1 million POW to be repatriated, Fridtjof Nansen - High Commissioner

'Nansen Passports' accepted by 50 nations by 1929, helped 600,000 Nazi Germany refugees, arranged for 44 nations to take 1.5 million fleeing Russia, 36,000 Armenians resettled and employed

focus on opium and coca, led by Dr Rachel Crowdy

Opium Advisory Committee (OAC) - first categorising of drugs, 2 conventions on Opium, 1931 Drugs convention, non-members worked with OAC - US reported 50% fall in drug addiction 1930s

illegal drug trade hard to control - Persia produced even more to meet illegal demands

1932 World Disarmament Conference, Geneva Protocol 1924 - all signatories promised disarmament

divided colonies into 1 of 3 types based on how ready for independence

organised conferences and investigated people trafficking, defined slavery 1926